THE CAINOZOIC CIDAIUDAE OF AUSTRALIA. 
Australian Cainozoic deposits. It is distinguished from all 
other fossil species by the prominent evenly-composed scrobicu- 
lar ring which has no miliaries visible to the naked eye outside 
it. The imperfect test from Wongulla now selected as a neotype 
is substituted for that specimen from Neumerella (Reg. No. 
13754) originally figured, which proves to be G. murrayensis. 
Measurements. — Neotype: height of test, 10 mm.; width of interamb 
area, 8 mm. ; width of amb plate, 1.75 mm. ; width of coronal plate, 4.5 mm. ; 
height, 3.5 mm. Paratypes : length of longest spine, 34 mm. ; diameter of 
shaft at ring, 2 mm. 
Localities. — Victoria —Grice’s Creek, near Frankston ("C.” ; paratypes, 
5 spines, C.). Balcombe Bay, Mornington (N.M., “C.”). Altona Bay Coal 
Shaft (“F.A.S.,” “C.”). Sorrento Bore at 1330 ft. (N.M.). Orphanage Hill, 
Fyansford (N.M., "C.”). Murgheboluc, Sections 4A and 2B ("C.”). Neumerella 
(F.C.). Mitchell River (D. ; “F.C.”). Skinner's, Mitchell River ("C.” ; spines 
with colour bands, “C.P.C.”). Clifton Bank, Muddy Creek, Hamilton (“F.C.,” 
“C.”). GeUibrand (“H„” "C.”). Nelson ("H.”). South Australia— Won- 
gulla, Murray River, near base of cliffs (“C.” ; neotype, C.). Morgan, lower 
beds ("C.”). Four miles below Morgan (“C.”). Murray River Cliffs, from 
Wongulla to Mannum, lower beds (“C.”). Torrensdale, Holding’s Old Quarry, 
4 miles N.N.W. from Mt. Gambier (“C.”). 
Range— Upper Oligocene to Miocene. 
Goniocidaris murrayensis sp. nov. 
Plate XIV, figs. 20-22. 
Goniocidaris pentaspinosa Chapman and Cudmore (pars), 1928, pi. XI. 
figs. 74g. 
Test small, round, very depressed. Apex wider than actinosome. Ambu- 
lacra broad, sinuous ; poriferous zones sunken. Pores non-conjugate, circular, 
close together, separated by thin ridge ; ambulacral plates bearing them often 
not horizontal. On upper part of inner end of each ambulacral plate, a tubercle 
with well-developed boss ; separated from similar tubercle on next plate of 
same vertical series towards apex by small granule on margin of that plate ; 
a second and smaller tubercle at 45 degrees downwards from the first ; opposite 
these tubercles a third smaller than the second usually present. The third 
tubercle occupies part of median area of sunken interporiferous zone ; the side 
of this area consequently has a raised zigzag appearance ; interporiferous zone 
equal in width to a poriferous zone. Five ambulacral plates adjacent to 
largest coronal plate. Six coronal plates. Scrobicules slightly sunken, 
circular, tending to become elliptical near actinosome ; boss large, conical, 
uncrenulated ; mamelon perforate, small in comparison to boss. Scrobicular 
ring slightly overhangs scrobicule ; composed of closely packed tubercles of 
uniform size ; a few tubercles also closely packed outside ring, but (including 
in count those in ring) they are never more than two deep on plates except 
towards median area of interambulacra ; in this area are two extensions of 
tubercled surface, three tubercles being in a row, linking each plate to similar 
extensions from each of the two nearest plates in opposite vertical series ; 
suture faintly visible. Plates nearest apex marked off from adjacent plates 
below by a deep horizontal sutural groove ; elsewhere in the vertical series 
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