- llU - 
The stickers tried included light-prepged fiph oil; 'bone glue; 
bone glue and triethanolamine; rosin ^^nd castor oil; a mixture of cfstor 
oil, oleic acid, bone glue, and triethanol?»jnine; a mixture of parpffin, 
oleic aci' , and triethanola'nine; and tannic Pcid. Mat'^rials mixed with 
derris sn.^-. tested as ? stomach-poison insecticide and also as .a repellent 
included light-pressed fish oil, molasses, phenothiazine, sodium silicate, 
and tannic acid. 
In 1936 Fleming and B^Jcer ( 137 ) reported the results of tests of 
sprays for the protection of early ripening trer fruits from Japanese 
"beetle atteck. These studies were conduct-d in the laboratory unc.er 
controlled conditions of temperature, relati-^-e humidity, and light, 
in sp.-cial gless cages, as previously described by these authors ( l33 f 
1"^3 ) » 'TJiey found that Tephrosia virgin! ana with a rotenone content of 
1,7 percent was only about one-fourth as effectivp as a re-nellent as. 
was derris having a rotenone content of ^ to 5 pfTc^^nt. Cube and timbo 
vrith a rotf^none content and total extractives eouiv^lent to derris were 
only half f>s effective as repellents. The impregnation of derris with 
rosin to increase the resistance of the deposits to removal by water or 
decomposition by light significantly reduced the value of the derris as 
a repellent, vrhile the addition to th* rosin of a small auantlty of cresol, 
beta naphthol, thymol, quininf-, or nnphthfili-ne appeared to overcome the 
detrimental effect of the rosin. Th-^ addition of red, orange, yellovr, - 
gre^n, blue, Violet, and black dyes with the rosin used to impregnate 
the derris did not modify the repellency of the derris. Impregnation 
of derris vrith cumar, coal tar, or gilsonit- improved the resistance to 
removal by water and decomposition by light but completely destroyed the 
value of the material as a repellent. The impregnation of derris with 
pine products — pine oil, pine pitch, pine tar, or diprntene — improved the 
resistancf~ of derris to removal by water and decomposition by light, but 
completely destroyed the value of the materi^fl as a repellent. The addi- 
tion of bordeaux mixture appeared to .decrease the repellency of derris. 
Sulfur increased the resistrmce of derris to removal by water and decom- 
position by light, while sulfur alone had no repellent value. Limo-sulfur 
likewise increased the resistance of derris to removal by vrater and de- 
composition by light, although lime-sulfur nlone, or in combina'oion with alum- 
inum sulfate, copper sulfate, iron sulfate, or zinc sulfate, was neither toxic 
nor rrpellent to the beetles; the addition of these ra?)terials to derris 
definitely increased the effectivrne^p of derris as a rex-'ellent and greatlj'' 
reduced th*^ removal of the repellent substance. by water, 
Fleming and Chisholm (1U2) in I536 rpported on derris as a repellent 
for the J'^panese beetle, A series of derris compounds containing rosin and 
vrhite pigments was prepared to determine the effect of these raa'c.erials on 
the adhesion of derris deposits and thr effect of sunligh': on these deposits. 
Of the several pigments tested, the best protection wa.s shown vrith zinc oxide, 
titanium pigment (barium, base), and tita.nium pigment (calcium base); ea 3h of 
these materials shovring over 50 percent of the initial deposit still acoive 
after the exposure period, the greatest initial deposit being obtained vdth 
zinc oxide. Derris compounds containing 10 percent of rosin and 2 percent of 
phenol and other orga.nic compoxmds were tested to determine their resistance 
to decomposition on exposure to light. The best protection resulted from the 
use of phenol, aniline, and quinine, there being in each case 50 percent of 
mati^rial undecomposed on exposure to light. 
