46 ANNUAL REPORTS OF DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1936 
the Initial eradication work has been done, Id order to remove sprouts and 
seedlings of curranl and gooseberry plants thai come np thereafter. The super- 
vision for this type of work Is furnished by the Bureau, with Labor needs usually 
supplied by the applicant. The mile zone must also be covered to detect and 
remove all European black currant plants that may be present The practi- 
cability of growing rust-free pines in infected areas, under these requirements, 
has l" en demonsl rated. 
During the year applications covering 57 nurseries were received. Owing to 
iiie fact that the leaves of curranl and gooseberry plants normally appear from 
« ne to Si vera! weeks in advance of much of the competing vegetation, eradication 
curly in the spring is much more effective and less costly than similar work at 
a later date. Early work Is also desirable because the pine-infecting stage <>f 
tlic rusl seldom appears on currant and gooseberry leaves until late in June <>r 
early in July. Therefore, the Division of Domestic Plant Quarantines, which 
is responsible for enforcing the quarantine regulations, assigned Inspectors to 
inspect the premises of applicants for permits early in the Bpring to determine 
the approximate date when crew work should be started around each nursery 
involved. This information was passed on to the Division of Plant Disease 
Control, which is responsible for supervising the eradication work. 
Eradication and inspection of the sanitation zones around the nurseries of 
applicants were completed in all but a few cases prior to the latter pari of 
.June. The salutation zones around the nurseries of 2s applicants were found 
to be in a satisfactory condition and permits were issued. Twenty of these 
permits were issued to commercial concerns and eight to Federal or State 
agencies. 
The application of 1 nursery was denied because nonprotected pine had been 
purchased, the applications of 12 nurseries iu which the five-leaved pines had not 
reached a salable size were tentatively approved. 2 applications were with- 
drawn, and action is pending in 14 cases, in 11 of these 14 nurseries no five- 
leaved pines are m>w being grown, so eradication early in the spring was not 
necessary. Eradication work will be carried on during the summer and in- 
spection will be made promptly upon completion of such measures. During 
the year 91 violations of the quarantine regulations were intercepted by transit 
inspectors. 
WOODGATE RUST QUARANTINE 
The Woodgate rust quarantine, which has been in effect since November 
1928, was issued for the purpose of preventing the spread of the Woodgate rust, 
a disease which attack- Scotch and other hard pines. No Spread of the di 
Outside the present regulated area comprising the counties of Clinton. 1 
Franklin, Hamilton. Herkimer. .Jefferson. Lewi-. Madison. Oneida, and St. 
Lawrence, in the State of New York, was reported. One violation of the 
quarantine was intercepted during the year by transit Inspectors. 
CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECT INVESTIGATIONS 
INSECTS ATTA( K1N(, CORN 
The European corn borer Increased in abundance in 1935 in (duo. Michigan, 
and Indiana in the one-generation area. :i> compared with the numbers recorded 
during the drought periods since L930. Apparently this was a resuH of the 
favorable climatic conditions thai prevailed in 1935. Decided Increases also 
occurred in parts of Connecticut, New Jersey, and Long Island in the multiple- 
generation area. The average numbers of borers per LOO plants for the areas 
where population Btudies were made en the one-generation strain in Michigan, 
Indiana, < do... and New York Increased from it.'- 1 in L934 to :;i in 1935. The 
average numbers m borers per hm> plant- for the study areas in the multiple- 
generation are. i iii Massachusetts, Rhode island, Connecticut, and New \mk 
Increased from r.» N s in L934 to 380.3 in L935. Damage continued to he severe 
in the New England market-corn areas Evidence obtained in 1985 indicates 
the possibility of three generations annually on the Eastern Shore of Virginia. 
Approximately 160,000 parasites of oriental and European origin, primarily the 
[chneumonid wasp Inareolata punctorio Roman and the tachinid H\ Lydellck 
atabulan* fjrisescens R, i». were liberated in 1935 in 60 areas in 11 states 
where liberation bad not previously been made, in the fall of 1935 an attempt 
made for the first time i" secure parasites from domestic Bources i"<>r 
carrying en the colonisation program. Collections were made from the area in 
