54 ANNUAL REPORTS OF DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1936 
BLACK STEM BUST QUARANTINE ENFORCEMENT 
Under the regulations of the black stem rusl m ^:* i ; l n ' i 'i*'- nurserymen who 
grow only rust-resistanl Bpecies of barberry and Mahonia plants, as deter- 
mined by Inspection, may be granted permits for shipping to the grain-growing 
stairs of Colorado, Illinois, Indiana. Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Montana, 
Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, Wisconsin, and Wyoming. Such 
permits, however, are nol required to authorize shipment of Berheris thun- 
berffii, the Japanese barberry, and its rust-immune varieties. During the year 
permits were granted to 25 growers and to 1 dealer. 
The Bureau lias available for distribution lists showing (1 | barberries which 
may be shipped Interstate without permit and »ii> Berheris and Mahonia spe- 
cies or varieties which are sufficiently resistant to black stem ru-t for ship- 
ment Into the protected states. Barberry and Mahonia plants of species and 
varieties not shown In such lists arc prohibited shipment Into the protected 
States, or from any protected State to any other protected Stale, and permits 
will not be issued for such shipment. 
Transit inspectors intercepted 12 shipments which had been consigned dur- 
ing the year in apparent violation of the quarantine. 
BARBERRY ERADICATION 
During the fiscal year 1936 more than 33,000,000 rust-spreading barberry 
hushes were destroyed on 8,470 properties in the 17 States of Colorado. Illinois. 
Indiann. Iowa. Michigan, Minnesota. Missouri. Montana. Nebraska, North 
Dakota, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Dakota. Virginia. West Virginia, Wisconsin, 
and Wyoming. Control work was conducted on approximately TiO.<mmi square 
miles in 27S counties. In addition to the expansion of field operations in the 
13 States of the original control area, allotments of emergency funds made 
possible similar work in some of the important grain-growing areas of Missouri, 
Pennsylvania, Virginia, and West Virginia. 
Regular Bureau personnel, in addition to providing general supervision in 
connection with the emergency program, continued (1) the annual rust studies. 
(2) the classification and nursery inspection work required in connection with 
the enforcement of the stem rust quarantine, and (3) the necessary educational 
work in advance of eradication crews. 
From July 22, L935, to June :;<>. 1936, an average of i2.'_'t;r» men were employed 
with emergency funds. Maximum employment was readied in June 1P:;<>. when 
a total of 4.121 men were at work. Ninety-four percent of all men employed 
were taken from relief rolls and ST percent of all funds expended were used 
for salaries and wages. Those in the superintendence class, whose salaries 
were paid from emergency funds, varied from 60 in February to Ho in June 
SELECTION OF TERRITORY AND SURVEY PROCEDURE 
In parts of Illinois, Minnesota. Iowa. Wisconsin. Colorado. Indiana. Michigan, 
and Ohio it has been found necessary to survey entire counties intensively in 
order to establish boundaries of barberry Infestations. In Virginia, Wesl Vir- 
ginia, and Pennsylvania control effort has been restricted to those counties in 
Which small grains are an important cash or feed crop, ami damage caused by 
rusl in recent \ cat's has been unusually severe. Laborers employed with emer- 
gency funds were found particularly useful in applying Control measures in 
these extensive areas of Infestation. 
in some of the Western states. Including the Dakotas, Nebraska, Wyoming, 
and Montana, survey work during the pasl year was conducted largely in 
timbered areas in communities where frtqueiit local spreads of rust during 
past years have indicated possible local sources of Infection. 
Table 16 summarizes (bj States) the progress that ha-- been made in the 
eradication of barberry bushes during the year. 
