BUREAU OF ENTOMOLOGY AND PLANT QUAKANTINE 29 
previously uninfected logs have been inoculated with the disease through the 
brood burrows of both of these bark beetles. The disease has also been cul- 
tured from several other insects, but as yet none of these has been conclusively 
proved to have inoculated previously uninfected trees. 
GYPSY MOTH AND BROWN-TAIL MOTH CONTROL 
During the year the Federal work on the suppression and prevention of spread of 
the gypsy and brown-tail moths exceeded that of any previous year. In July 1935 
only a small force was maintained, as the funds were limited in the regular ap- 
propriation. By the end of the month allotments were granted by the Works 
Progress Administration which made available for expenditure $2,800,000 for 
gypsy moth control work in the New England States, New York, New Jersey, 
and Pennsylvania and $970,000 for brown-tail moth work in the New England 
States. These funds were set up for a period of 14 months, but the amounts 
were reduced later in the year to $2,578,000 and $685,000, respectively, and the 
period was shortened to 11 months. One purpose of these allotments was to 
furnish useful work to unemployed, and more than 95 percent of the men were 
obtained from relief rolls through the United States Employment Service and 
the Works Progress Administration. The necessary supplies and equipment 
were obtained through the Procurement Division of the United States Treasury 
Department in Boston, and the auditing and disbursing was handled by the 
Treasury Department accounts office in that city. 
The work was rapidly organized and was continued throughout the winter in 
spite of the fact that the weather in the States concerned was unusually severe 
with respect to low temperatures and the snowfall was the heaviest that had 
occurred for many years. Tremendous floods ravaged many sections of the 
area early in the spring of 1936 and caused dire suffering and unprecedented 
property loss. The personnel employed on these projects assisted materially in 
saving life and protecting property during this period. 
The work was set up in each State and supervised by the existing trained per- 
sonnel, who were paid from regular funds. Great credit is due the officials in 
the States concerned for active cooperation in furnishing additional trained men 
to assist in the supervisory work. These were paid from State funds, and in 
many cases transportation was furnished locally where Government transport 
was inadequate. Without this helpful assistance it would have been impossible 
to carry through this extensive program or to have kept the entire working force 
employed. 
Additional gypsy moth control work was carried on in New Hampshire, Ver- 
mont, Massachusetts, and Connecticut from Civilian Conservation Corps camps 
east of the barrier zone, where enrollees were detailed for service under the 
direction of this Bureau's office at Greenfield, Mass., and in New York State, 
where similar work was directed by the Conservation Department. The field 
work was planned so that duplication of effort was avoided, although in some 
cases State or local work was carried on in the same counties. 
GYPSY MOTH PROJECT 
The allotment of Works. Progress Administration funds made it possible to 
expand and intensify the work that had been planned in Pennsylvania and in 
the barrier zone in New England and eastern New York. For many years a 
Federal quarantine on the gypsy moth had been enforced in approximately the 
southern half of Maine, but there has been no opportunity, owing to lack of 
funds, to examine the territory skirting the northern limits of the quarantined 
area. Similar work was planned in a few towns in the northern part of New 
Hampshire and in a strip of towns in the western part of thai State bordering 
the Connecticut River. In spite of the suppression work that had been conducted 
between the barrier zone and the Connecticut River in Vermont, Massachusetts, 
and Connecticut, there were points where the insect was developing rapidly, and 
the danger of the spread of infestation into the barrier /one was increased on 
account of heavy defoliation over extensive areas in Massachusetts directly east 
of the river and to a less extent in New Hampshire and in Connecticut Inten- 
sive work was planned in the territory between the Connecticut River and the 
barrier zone in order to protect it from reinfestation. Territory in Connecticut 
east of the river was included in the plan: also Washington County. K. I., which 
borders Long Island Sound and Narragansett Bay and is less subject to reinfes- 
tation than any other county in that State. It was planned to carry on special 
