BUREAU OF ENTOMOLOGY AXD PLANT QUARANTINE 73 
SUPERVISION OF OIL MILLS 
Iii two of the regulated areas there are no oil mills and another area has 
only one mill. This makes it necessary each year to designate outside mills 
to handle regulated seed. A sufficient number of mills arc designated to furnish 
ample crushing facilities for the seed involved and at the same time allow 
ginners and farmers competition so that they may obtain a fair price for their 
seed. These designated mills are equipped with machinery to give the seed 
preheating immediately upon arrival. During the season approximately 105,500 
tons of seed were crushed at the 29 oil mills operated. Several mills have roller 
equipment, and 10,310 bales of linters were so treated. 
FUMIGATION, COMPRESSION, STEAMING. AXD ROLLEB TREATMENT OF LINT 
Only one fumigation plant was operated, at which 3 bales of lint and 2,355 
bales of linters were treated. Of the linters 1,906 hales were domestic and 449 
had been imported from the Juarez Valley of Mexico. There was also a lack 
of compresses in some of the areas, so that it was necessary to designate out- 
side ones. At the 19 compresses operated, approximately 237,000 bales of lint 
and 2,200 of linters were compressed. A steam pressure machine was again 
operated by the State of Texas at Presidio, and 1,186 bales of lint were treated. 
A number of gins have installed roller equipment, and approximately 24,500 bales 
were so treated. 
ROAD STATIONS 
A road inspection station was again operated at the junction of the Presidio 
and Ruidosa roads, 1% miles south of Marfa, Tex., to prevent movement of 
infested material from the Big Bend section. It was operated from Septem- 
ber 1 to December 31, 1935, at which time field clean-up had reached the stage 
where there was practically no infested material which might be moved from 
the section. A total of 4,280 cars were inspected and 42 confiscations made. The 
confiscated material consisted of 9 pillows and 5 mattresses made of seed cot- 
ton, 218 sacks, 27 lots of seed cotton, and 1 lot of cotton bolls. Ten of the 
confiscations were found to be infested with the pink bollworm, and 357 speci- 
mens were taken, 336 of which were alive and 21 dead. 
COOPERATION WITH MEXICO 
A considerable amount of cotton is produced in Mexico immediately adjacent 
to the Big Bend section and El Paso Valley of Texas. This cotton, also, is 
infested with the pink bollworm, and Mexican officials are making an effort to 
control the insect with measures similar to those enforced by this Bureau, such 
as seed sterilization and field clean-up. Frequent contacts are made by inspec- 
tors of this project and Mexican officials in the fight against the pink boll- 
worm, and a very fine spirit of cooperation has existed between the two 
organizations. 
THURBERIA WEEVIL CONTROL 
The majority of the cotton acreage in the Thurberia weevil area of Arizona 
is in what is known as the Rillito-Marana section, which begins about 18 miles 
above Tucson and extends northward for another 12 miles. Small acreages are 
also grown from 20 to 30 miles south of Tucson. This season aboul 5,000 acres 
were planted to cotton, of which about 1,000 acres were in Pima, or the long- 
Staple variety, and the remainder short Staple. A gin for long-staple and a gin 
for short-staple cotton were operated, and all of the trash produced was in- 
spected with a gin-trash machine. A light weevil infestation was found 
throughout the section, a total of 30 specimens being taken. The same measures 
used in controlling and preventing the spread of the pink bollworm are used 
against the Thurberia weevil. These consist of disposal of gin trash, steriliza- 
tion of seed, treatment of lint, and clean-up of gins, oil mills, etc.. at the end 
of the season. The results of these activities arc Included in the figures given 
for the pink bollworm. 
The presence of the Thurberia weevil in the United States was flrsl dis- 
covered in the latter part of 1912, on the southern slopes of the Santa Catalina 
Mountains near Tucson. The native host of the insect is Thurberia thespesioidea 
