- 5 - 
A ltha nivea Walk, is widespread in the hills and plains of India, 
but it rarely causes much injury. Thosea cana (Walk.) and T. sinensis 
(Walk.) occur in Taiwan, P hobetron hipparchia (Cram.) in Rio Grande do Sul, 
and Nemata lohor (Moore) in the Malay Peninsula. An undetermined limacodid, 
probably Slbine ophelians Dyar, was collected from Costa Rica. 
In the family Arctiidae, Pericallia ricini (F. ) is very injurious 
throughout India; Diacrisia obliqua (Walk.) occasionally becomes injurious in 
the hills and plains of India and in Assam; Aloa lactinea (Cram.) attacks 
leaves in Bombay; Amsacta a lbistriga (Walk.) occurs in southern India, 
Sp ilosoma investigatorum Karsch. in the Italian Somaliland, L ichnoptera 
cavil la ter (Walk.) in Costa Rica, and Antarctia fusca (Walk.) in Minas 
Geraes, Brazil. 
The castor-bean plant is recorded as being very attractive to Tra bala 
vishnon Lef., a lasiocampid. The insect is a sporadic pest in India and 
when abundant is very destructive. It also occurs in the Malay Peninsula 
and Taiwan. 
The eri silkworm, Ph ilos amia ricini (Hutt.), is fed on the castor- 
bean plant indoors, supporting a silk industry throughout Assam. This 
saturniid has been introduced into all parts of India in a domesticated 
form. It also occurs in Java. The plant grows extensively in Australia, and 
it has been suggested that the insect be introduced there for commercial 
production of silk. P. cyn thia (Drury) has been successfully reared from the 
castor-bean in India, Italy, and Sicily; and it is suggested that it might 
be reared profitably in Egypt. 
Au tomeris co mplicata (Walk.), A. zozine Druce, and Rothschildia 
aurota (Cram.) have been recorded from Rio de Janeiro, and Hy lesia lilex 
Dognin from Lagarto, both in Brazil. 
The green seed capsules and leaves are attacked by the tortricids 
Olethreutes leucotreta (Meyr. ) in Uganda and the Italian Somaliland and 
Eccop sis wahlb ergiana Zell. in the Italian Somaliland, Adoxophy es privatana 
(Walk.) in Taiwan, and Cacoecia rosana (L.) in the North Caucasus. 
Leaves are attacked by an unidentified geometrid in Cuba and by 
Thalassodes digressa (Walk.) in the Italian Somaliland. 
Gelechiid leaf miners: Gracilaria sp. causes considerable injury in 
Egypt, Acrocercops conflua Meyr. in the Italian Somaliland, and A. serriform - 
is Meyr. in Java. 
A cossid borer, Xyl eutes capensis (Walk.), tunnels the stems in 
Zanzibar, and a species which is thought to be the same caused a great deal 
of damage to the older trees in Tanganyika, Natal, and Nyasaland. Zeuzera 
cof feae Niet. causes some injury in Taiwan. 
