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Flea beetles: Hermaophaga ruficollis (Lucas) injures the foliage of 
young plants in India and Epitrix sp. causes similar injury in Cuba. 
The scarabaeids R hizotrogus aequinoctialis (Hbst.), Ma ladera holo - 
sericea (Scop.), and Amphimallon solstitialis (L.) cause serious injury to 
the castor-bean plant along with other oil-producing plants. Larvae feed on 
the roots and adults feed on the leaves and seed capsules. 
Larvae of Anomala egregia Gahan and A. plebe.la (Oliv.) feed on the 
roots of young plants in the Italian Somaliland. 
Adults of Autoserica orientalis (Motsch.) attack the leaves in Man- 
churia. 
Adoretus sp . has been observed by J . C. Bridwell attacking the plant 
in Hawaii . 
Several curculionids injure the plant. Mecistocerus ricini Marshall 
causes some damage in the United Provinces of India. Psallidium maxillosum 
(F. ) causes a great deal of injury by gnav/ing the seed capsules and the young 
leaves in North Caucasus. Diaprepes a bbreviatus (L.) and Artipus sp. have 
been recorded from foliage and A nchonus suillus (F.) from decayed v/ood of 
castor-bean plants in Puerto Rico. Geraeus lentiginosus (Boh.), Lechriop s 
auritus (Schon.), and Hypocoeliodes sp. were swept from the foliage, and 
Cleistolophus similis (Chevr. ) was found feeding on the plant in Costa Rica. 
Bothynoderes punctiventris (Germ.) feeds on the foliage in Rumania. P ycno - 
dactylus mitis (Gerst.) occurs in the Italian Somaliland. 
Wireworms including Agriotes spp., Selatosomus spp., and Melanotus 
spp., damage seedlings in North Caucasus. 
A blister beetle, Meloe proscarabeus L., attacks the seedlings in 
North Caucasus, but causes very little injury. 
The tenebrionids Opatrum sa b ulosum (L.), Gonocephalum pusillum (F.), 
Platyscelis gages (Fisch. ) , P edinus femora lis (L. ) , and Blaps sp. attack the 
young plants in North Caucasus, causing considerable injury. P. femoralis 
also ate the leaves of castor-beans in laboratory experiments carried on in 
Stavropol, Russia. 
The buprestids Sphenoptera a rabica Gory and S. fulgens Gory were bred 
from the woody stems of growing plants in the Khartoum district of the Anglo- 
Egyptian Sudan, and S. a rdens (Klug) causes the same type of injury in 
Egypt. Vigorous plants are invaded and damaged. 
A cerambycid, Diha mmus rusticator (F.), has been recorded as being 
distributed from the Malay Peninsula to Australia and the Philippine Islands 
without a definite statement as to the locality where the castor-bean 
plant is attacked, except in Java, where it causes considerable injury. 
