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nicotine is equal to its apparent concentration minus the concentra- 
tion of nornicotine. Factors influencing the development of the 
colors are discussed. — Larson and Haag (37) « 
PHARMACOLOGY OF ANABASINE AND NORNICOTINE 
Anabasine 
Farmers in the Union of South Africa "believed Nicotiana glauca 
to be deadly to ostriches, and it. had been reported to be poisonous 
to cattle and sheep. In tests on rabbits the flowers were found to 
be slightly less toxic than the leaves. Rabbits died within 1.5 
hours after being fed 30 gm. °f the fresh flowers and within half an 
hour of eating the same dosage of fresh leaves. A sheep receiving 
300 gm. of the fresh leaves through a stomach tube died within 2.5 
hours.— Steyn (SU) . 
Anabasine solutions are fatal to animals- when injected under 
the skin. Solutions of the equivalent compound anabasine-proto acid 
(obtained from soybeans and pea seeds) under the stme conditions 
caused only slight poisoning. The rule of Traube stating the relation 
between the surface tension of a solution and its poisonous properties 
cannot oe applied to solutions of anabasine-proto acid, since in spite 
of low surface tension such solutions do not kill experimental animals. 
Leont'ev and Smirnova (39) • 
Alpha-aminoanabasine possesses the fundamental pharmacological 
properties of anabasine but is less active. Its depressing action 
on the sympathetic ganglion of white mice is l/75, its stimulating 
action on the cerebral layer and the kidney 1 /75» its stimulating 
action on respiration l/20 to 1/100, and its toxic action l/l6. The 
primary phase of the depression of respiration is absent; action on 
the blood pressure of decerebrate cats is less, and production of 
convulsions in white mice is greater, than with anabasine. — Poluektov 
The introduction of acetyl, propionyl, and benzoyl groups in 
alpha- and alpha' -amino-N-methylanabasine decreases their respiratory 
stimulation but does not lower their toxicity. — Kabachnik and 
Zltser (}2) . 
The intravenous injection into rabbits of 2.5 to 6 mg. of ana- 
basine sulfate per kilogram of body weight followed by repeated in- 
jections of 0.5 to 1.5 mg. per kilogram caused a decrease in the 
velocity of blood circulation in the lesser circulation system. The 
decrease was due to the action of anabasine sulfate in contraction 
of the blood vessels and the increased emission of adrenaline. — 
Pleshchitser (^2) . 
Nornicotine 
On mice and dogs the toxic and vasopressor effects of smoke 
from a tobacco containing 0.13 percent of nicotine and 0.27 percent 
of nornicotine were due to the nicotine present, and relatively in- 
dependent of the nornicotine content of the tobacco. On man the 
smoke from these low-nicotine cigarettes produced much less pro- 
nounced <ffects on blood pressure and pulse rate than did smoke from 
ordinary cigarettes. — Haag and Larson (26). 
