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A comparison has been made of the toxicity, the blood-pressure 
effeots, and the fate in animals of levo-nornicotine, levo-niootine, 
monomethylniootizLium iodide, isomonomethylnicotinium iodide, and 
dimethylnlcotinium iodide# The integrity of the pyridine nitrogen 
appears to be essential to the high toxicity of niootine and its 
methylated and demethylated derivatives. Progressive methylation 
of the pyrrolidine nitrogen increases the toxicity, as determined 
by intraperitoneal injeotion in mioe, in the ratio It2t4 for nor— 
nicotine, nicotine, and monomethylniootinium iodide. Difference 
in the dissociation constants of the three bases may be the ex- 
planation* In dogs the pressor effects of nomicotine and mono- 
methyl niootinium iodide are* respectively, one-twelfth and two- 
thirds those of a meleoular equivalent of niootine* Isomonomethyl- 
niootinium iodide and dimethylnicotinium iodide have practically 
no pressor action* The metabolism, In dogs, of the methylated and 
demethylated derivatives appears tc be different from that of 
niootine* No evidence was found that detoxieation of nicotine in 
the animal body involve* either methylation or demethylation*— 
Larson and Eaag (3d)* 
INSECTICIDAL VALUE OF ANABASINE 
Nicotiana tabaoum, N* rust loft, and N. glauoa are mentioned 
as poisons for oombating""anlaaI and planE pests*— Sprenger (83)* 
Dipyridyls tested as oontaot insecticides were toxic to six 
species of aphids (bean, spinach, pea, turnip, apple, and rosy 
apple), adults and larvae of the Colorado potato beetle, and 
larvae of the three-lined potato beetle, the Mediterranean flour 
moth, and the silkworm© A orude dipyridyl oil [now known to have 
contained some neonieotine or anabasine] was more toxic than 
nicotine to oertain insects*— Richardson and Smith (68)* 
The alkaloids of Sophora are intermediate between anabasine 
and lupine in insecticide! power*— Sokolov and Koblova ( 80) * 
The results of tests with anabasine on several species be- 
longing to the orders Thysanoptera, Homoptera, Eemiptore, Diptera, 
Coleoptera, and Anoplura have been reported in the last six years* 
Thysanoptera 
Control measures for Holiothriipe haemorrholdalls (Bouohe) in 
Russia Included thorough spraying of the infested plants twe or three 
times at intervals of 10 days with 0.6-peroent niootine sulfate or 
anabasine sulfate in 1-percent soap solution*— Voitenke (86). 
In Russia spraying with 7 to 10 gm* of anabasine sulfate and 
40 gm* of soap in 40 liters of water was effective against adult 
thrips on mature flax*— Shmeleva (62)* 
A marked reduction in infestation by Thrips llni Lad.( llnarius 
Utel) and a considerable increase in yield of flax can be obtained 
with a spray containing 0*3 or 0*2 percent of anabasine sulfate in 
0*4-pereent soap solution, or with a dust containing 6 percent of 
anabasine sulfate*— Brmoloev (21)* 
