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Free anabasine at 1:1000 and 1:2000 and anabasine sulfate (Uo 
percent anabasine) atl:600 and 1:800, with and without sugar, 
showed high toxicity to the citrus thrips in laboratory experiments 
at Whittier, California. Sugar or some other added material is 
probably of value in retarding the loss of the toxic material. The 
thrips do not seem to feed on the anabasine- sugar residues. The 
material appears to act by contact and by fumigation. Although 
citrus thrips do not need to come in contact with the anabasine res- 
idue to be killed, the indicated range of the fumigation effect is less 
than a half-inch. The thrips underwent convulsions, followed by paral- 
ysis, within 9 to lU minutes after their exposure to anabasine.— 
McGregor (UO, U2). 
In orchard tests in the San Fernando Valley (Calif.) anabasine 
sulfate (1:600) with blood albumin gave marked reductions in the 
strain of citrus thrips resistant to tartar emetic. In similar tests 
at Whittier anabasine sulfate with sugar and with blood albumin gave 
high mortalities of the nonresistant strain. No injury to tender 
lemon leaves was detected from liquid applications of anabasine or 
anabasine sulfate. — McGregor (Ul). 
Tartar emetic was formerly the perfect control for citrus thrips, 
buV a resistant race of thrips has developed. The best alternative 
at present is nicotine and sugar, which is satisfactory on lemons. 
The sulfate is superior to the alkaloid. Some work has been done 
with anabasine, but there is no clear-cut evidence that it is better 
than nicotine. — Boyce (17). 
Anabasine sulfate is recommended for use against thrips attacking 
flax and hemp in Russia.— Nikiforov (Ug). 
Homoptera 
The toxicity of anabasine was about equal to that of nicotine 
against aphids. — Freak (23). 
An infusion and a decoction of thi leaves of Klcotiana glauca 
with soap (l pound of leaves to 50 gallons of water) had a very 
slight effect on nasturtium aphids, while the powdered leaves had no 
apparent effect on them. The nicotine content of the leaves, deter- 
mined upon a moisture-free basis, was only 0.18 percent.— Mclndoo 
and Sievers (U3) [This plant contains anabasine, not nicotine. — 
R. C. R.] 
Anabasine sulfate mixed with beeswax and a fatty oil was one of 
the materials tested at Wenatehee, Wash., in experiments to prevent 
Erioeoaa lanigerum (Hausm.) from infesting wounds in apple trees. 
Ho injury to plant tissues resulted from the application, but the 
effect oa the aphids is not recorded. — Reeves Yothers and Murray 
A spray containing anabasine sulfate (ho percent anabasine) at 
1 to 1,000 in the first half of the season on lucerne [alfalfa], 
acacia, and cotton infested with ( Doralis ) Aphis laburnl Kelt, and 
other cotton aphids gave excellent results in the - 5a*xcn«*ia. 1— Rekach 
( & ' STATE PLANT BOARD 
