56 BUREAU OF ENTOMOLOGY AND PLANT QUARANTINE [Apr.-June 
Varieties of plants. — The varieties of plants which have been treated success- 
fullv bv this method are given in Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine 
E-418. 
Safety zone— Same as that prescribed in (k) . 
Marking. — Same as that prescribed in (fc). 
Treatment of Fruits and Vegetables 
The effect of insecticidal treatments on fruits and vegetables varies with the 
variety and the condition. While guaranties cannot be given that no injury 
will be caused to the fruits and vegetables, the treatments are recommended 
only for those commodities which experience has shown were not seriously 
injured. It must be understood by the shipper that no liability shall attach 
either to the United States Department of Agriculture or to any of its employees 
in event of injury to the commodities. 
After all treatments, the commodities must be handled in such a manner as 
to prevent reinfestation by the adult Japanese beetles. 
(il) CARBON DISULFIDE FUMIGATION 
Equipment. — A fumigation chamber, of approved design, equipped with a 
vaporizing, air-circulating, and ventilating system, must be provided. 
Temperature. — The temperature must be at least 80° F. during the treatment. 
Dosage. — Ten pounds to each 1,000 cubic feet in the chamber. 
Period of treatment. — Two hours. 
Varieties of fruit. — The varieties of fruit treated successfully by this method 
are given in Circular 373. 
Preparation of fruit. — The crates and baskets of fruit must be stacked in the 
chamber in such a manner that the gas will have access to all sides of the 
containers. 
Application. — After the chamber is loaded, the carbon disulfide must be vapor- 
ized within it. The water in the coils of the vaporizing pan must be at least 
148° F. and should never exceed 180°. The water must be circulated through 
the coils of the vaporizing pan for 60 minutes after the fumigant has been put 
into the pan. The air within the chamber must be kept in circulation during the 
period of fumigation. At the completion of the treatment, the chamber must be 
well ventilated before it is entered and the fruit removed. 
(O) CYANIDE FUMIGATION 
Equipment. — Refrigerator cars in good condition and dry must be provided. 
Four screens, made of cotton netting on light wooden frames which fit tightly 
over the hatch openings, and equipped with three wires for fastening to the 
hatch cover, hinges, and graduating arm, must be provided for each car. 
When liquid hydrocyanic acid is used, two metal trays having an area of 2 
square feet and equipped to be suspended about 24 inches below the hatch 
cover, a 3-ounce measuring cup, and a tube for putting the material into the pans 
must be provided. 
When HCN discoids are used, an approved type of can opener must be 
provided. 
When calcium cyanide is used, two trays of light wooden construction, 6 to 8 
feet long, 2 feet wide, and 2 inches deep, and sufficient building paper to properly 
cover these trays must be provided. 
Temperature. — The temperature must be at least 75° F. in the car during the 
treatment. 
Dosage. — Liquid hydrocyanic acid 6 ounces per car. 
HCN discoids 6. 5 ounces per car. 
Calcium cyanide, 88 percent 3 pounds per car. 
Period of treatment. — Liquid hydrocyanic acid \ , 
HCN discoids _ / znouls - 
Calcium cyanide : 1. 5 hours. 
Varieties of fruits and vegetables. — This treatment is authorized for bananas 
and empty refrigerator cars. 
Preparation of commodities. — The bananas must be stacked in such a manner 
that the gas will have access to all sides. 
Application, liquid hydrocyanic acid. — The doors must be closed tightly and 
the ice drips properly plugged. Remove one insulating plug from each bunker 
