* 57 - 
of Lophyrus pini is about 1 l/2 times stronger than the effect of 
Lonchocarpus dust; and on Myrmica rubra the effect of Derris is twice as 
strong as that of Lonchocarpus. 
Howard and Mason (201)' in 1937 summarized information on derris 
and cube taken largely from United States Department of Agriculture 
Farmers' Bulletin 1624, revised. 
"While much is yet to "be learned concerning the 
relative value of the numerous toxic ingredients present 
in derris and cube roots as they come from the factory, we 
are especially fortunate that we are able to dilute these 
materials on the "basis of their rotenone content with very 
satisfactory results. For this reason, we speak of rotenone- 
bearing materials in the terms of rotenone content." 
It has been found "by growers in New Jersey that the use of 
hoods "behind power or traction dusters allows a considerable saving 
in the amount of dust applied for the control of the Mexican bean 
beetle. When hoods were used in dusting on the experimental plots of 
Howard and Mason, one-half the dosage gave as satisfactory results as 
could be obtained with a full dosage without the hoods. These hoods 
may be constructed of light framework, such as barrel hoops and bamboo 
poles, and may be covered with a cheap grade of muslin and attached 
behind the duster. They are, of course, not practicable for use on 
the hand machines. 
Methods of making derris sprays and dusts and their use against 
the Mexican bean beetle, pea aphid, cabbage worms (3 species) harlequin 
cabbage bug, cucumber beetles, flea beetles on young tomato plants and 
young egg-plants are described. Derris or cube is ineffective against 
the celery leaf tier. For most purposes a dust containing 0.75 percent 
rotenone is considered of greatest value. It is possible that it may be 
necessary to use a 1 percent dust in the control of the pea aphid and 
the pea weevil. 
Boyd (39) in 1937 discussed rotenone (from derris or cube) 
for the control of household insects. Reference is made to the use 
of rotenone in fly sprays and in bedbug sprays, for the control of 
clothes moths, as a remedy for follicular mange, in sprays for ants 
and roaches, and as a poison in baits for ants. Mixtures of rotenone 
with pyrethrum or thiocyanates are mentioned. 
The New York Agricultural Experiment Station (305) in 1937 
reported that powdered derris or cube root proved to be the most 
successful insecticide for use against the gooseberry fruitworm, 
Zophodia ' grossulariae (Riley), in 1935 tests. These materials may be 
applied either as sprays or dusts. When dusting, a mixture of cube 
or derris root with some inert carrier such as talc to give a 0.5 
percent rotenone content, is suggested. For the spray, 3 pounds of 
the undiluted root in 100 gallons of water may be used. Two treat- 
ments are advised for heavy infestations. The first should be timed 
to coincide with the petal fall spray on apples, the second 10 to 14 
days later. A single treatment applied halfway between the two should 
handle a light to moderate infestation. 
