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•* . 
from Peru come from L. u tili s A. C. Smith and not L. nico u (Aubl.) DC, 
which is found in the Guianas. The bulk of roots and powdor exported from 
Para and Manaos is the product of L. urucu . 
Panshin (514) in 1927 published a description of the wood anatomy of 
the rotenone-yielding plants collected by Krukoff and Smith in South .America. 
His conclusions: 
"A critical analysis of data indicates a striking similarity 
in so far as the structure of xyler. of the species described 
in this paper is concerned. The anatomical variations recorded 
were mostly those of size and frequency of different types of 
wood elements. However* those varation Were in many cases no 
greater than those found in the sections of stem and root taken 
"from different parts of the same plant. Since the number of 
specimens available from different plants of each species was 
in some cases small, it is impossible at this writing to ascer- 
tain whether the variations in size and number of xylem elements 
are sufficiently constant to provide a reliable means of separ- 
ation for these closely allied species. The difference in color 
of root wood in some cases appear to be constant enough to be of 
aid in the field identification of these plants." 
Starer and Boutique (395) in 1937 summarized information on the botany, 
geographical distribution and use as medicine of the Belgian Congo species 
of Lonchocarpus bussei Harms., L. cyane scene Benth. and L. sericeus H.B.K. 
taken largely from de Graer , Holland and Bally. 
Chevalier and Chevalier (78) in 1937 described the anatomy of a root 
of Lonchocarp us nicou from Peru and also of a. root of timbo from the State 
of Para, Brazil. 
CULTIVATION OP LONCKOCABPUS 
Africa. — Preuss (336) described the effects of a tornado on the night 
of March 20-21, 1902, on the botanical garden at Victoria, Caineroons, Africa. 
L onchocarp us s ericeus resisted the storm and is being considered as a pro- 
tective tree for plantings of rubber Strophanthus, etc. 
Brazil.— Ducke (119) in 1925 stated that L. nicou is cultivated in 
Gurupa, Brazil, under the name "timbo urucu" . Fabuco de Araujo, Jr., (292) 
in 1936 reported on the growing of timbo in Brazil. In the Amazon Basin the 
cultivation of timbo is being actively encouraged for the production of in- 
secticidal products. All the household insecticides marketed in Brazil use 
the timbo root received from the State of Para. Lonchocarpus species grow 
abundantly throughout the Amazon region, and Brazil seems destined to become 
the largest producer of cube or timbo, as it is called in this country. The 
demand for the roots seems to be so great that several firms and individuals 
have recently started a campaign locally to create interest in the cultiva- 
tion of the species of timbo that will give the largest percentage of roten- 
one. The species known as macaquinho gives the highest yield. Approximately 
