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from the small mxtd eind then is held in plaoe by the stopper. Both parts 
are made of Lucite, a transparent plastlo* Ihe stopper is also a tube, 
which permits a stream of oarbon dioxide to flow gently over the queen, 
keeping her anesthetieed during the insemination operation* The drilling 
and polishing of Luoite are disoussed later under Plastio Syringe* 
Dimensions are given of the holder used suooess fully by the authota* 
There oan be some flexibility of dimensions, but it is well to remember 
that the thoraxes of most wellMdeveloped queens range in diameter from 
0«196 to 0*205 inoh* The opening at the end of the holder may be from 
0*18 to 0*19 inoh in diameter* The 5/l6»inoh taper is adequate to permit 
only the last three segments of the queen to protrude from the holder* 
This taper may be obtained by stretching the plastio tube after heating, 
as desoribed under oonstruotion of the syringe tip, or by drilling with a 
suooession of drills* Several small grooves should be out with a three- 
oomered file on the inside of the holder at the tapered end to faoilit&te 
the esoape of gas* 
The stopper diameter muet be very near the diameter of the holder 
(0*267 ineh) to move in and out of the holder with sufficient friction to 
remain firm at axiy plaoe« If the stopper loses friotion through wear, its 
diameter may be iaoreased with a light eoat of plastio oement or laoquer* 
The slif^t protuberanoe at the front end of the stopper has four addition- 
al lateral outlets (not shown in diagram)* This protuberanoe aids in 
adjusting the queen in the holder and protects her antennae from being 
■tashed* The enlarged knob at the posterior end holds the rubber tubing 
onto the stopper* The stream of oarbon dioxide frooi the oylinder passes 
throu^ the stopper, is dispersed by the five openings at the end of the 
stopper, and flows over the queen and out the end of the holder* 
If faoilities are not available for making the plastio queen holder, 
a glass one is easily made by drawing 9««ni* glass tuW.ng to about 4 mm* 
entside diameter, finding the right inside diameter for the small end, 
bretking at this point, and grinding off the edges. Since oommeroial 
gXMi tubing varies in sise^ it is aeoessary to seleot a pieoe of the 
proper inside diameter fron the 9««n* sise* 
The stopper is a pieoe of spongy paper, suoh as paper toweling, 
ro-lled ever a matoh stiek, whioh is later pushed out to make a thiok* 
walled tube* If the tube is of the right sise, friotion with the walls 
of the glass holder keeps it in plaoe* It is made long enou^ to projeot 
from the glass holder when the queen is in plaoe, and additional paper is 
glued onto this end to make it taper* If preferred, the oarbon dioxide 
supply tmbe oan easily be slipped on and off the tapered end at eaoh 
operation, and the threewway stopoook elimiaated* 
Syringe 
The syringe is a modif ioation of the instruments used by other workers 
in this field* It ooasists of a small tube inside of whioh a tightly 
fitting plunger draws in and expels the semen* Two types of syringes are 
being used* 
