-6- 
thia ceme to the United States. Cube and timbo are produced comner- 
cially in Peru and Brazil, and Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, and the 
Guienas are potential producers. Peru exported 550 long tons of cube 
in 1938 and 770 tons during the first 8 months of 1939. In 1938 p rpzil 
exported 1,038 long; tons of Loncho ca rpus powder and 38 tons of roots, 
most of which came to the United States. Holman pIso geve very brief 
pccounts of Tephrosin , M undulea , find 7c illettis , which up to 1940 had 
not been cultivated for commercial purposes. He devoted 37 ppg-es to 
pyrethrum, Chrys pnthemum cinerprifiefoliun end C. cocoineum . The first 
species is the only one of commercial importance and is grown chiefly 
in Japan, Kenya, and Yugoslavia, although there are 16 other producing 
countries. The United Stetes consumed a large proportion of the world's 
exportable surplus of the crop. The total exports in 1937 were 8,969 
Q.ong?tons; in 1938, 6,490 tons; and in 1939, 6,058 tons. Short ac- 
counts of anabasine, hellebore, and quassia are also given. 
Roskill ( 349 , p. 114) and Sievers (_364_) discussed the growing of 
derris, end the former told about the exports of cube and timbo. 
Tnttersfield end coworkers ( 394 ) said thpt the well-known insecti- 
cidel properties of Derris and Lonchocerpus have stimulated the search 
for the other plants in many parts of the world, partly with the ob- 
ject of establishing local industries or of finding local means for 
the control of insect pests. Sievers and coworkers ( 365 ) discussed 
the possibilities of the devil 1 s-shoestring as a commercial source of 
insecticides. Moore ( 233 ) reported on the introduction of insecti- 
cidal plants in Puerto Rico. 
In 1939 there were imported into the United States 2,355,048 
pounds of crude derris root, 1,907,194 pounds of crude cube and timbo 
roots, and 896,640 pounds of powdered roots (U. S. Bureau of Entomology 
and Plant Quarantine, 406). Before World .ter II the United states im- 
ported annually 15 to 20 million pounds of pyrethrum flowers, largely 
from Jppm. About 1 million pounds of quassia wood were also imported 
annually. 
P*RT t CRYPT0CrA? f S 
AGARIC ACEAE 
(Fungi — Mushrooms) 
AMANITA MUSCARIA Fr. Synonym: Agaricus muscarius L. Fly mushroom. 
Bug agaric* 
A solution of the alkaloid muscarine increased the heart activity 
of the lnrva of Corethra crystalline (Deg.). — Dogiel ( 120 , p. 29). 
