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the other insects tested were killed. Laboratory results indicated 
that it might prove to be a cheap larvicide locally available and easily 
handled. The treatment, of pieoes of wood with varnishes to which an 
alcoholic extract of Mundulaa had been added ^rendered them fairly im- 
mune from the attacks of termites.— Kunhikannan ( 238 ,. 239 ). 
The seeds and inner layer of the bark were used as a fish poison 
and as an insecticide in India.— Roark (332 ) . 
Mundulea grows wild over large areas in Mysore, India. The labora- 
tory and field tests, against a mango hopper, grasshoppers, cattle 
lice and fleas, a potato beetle (Epilachna sp.jl, a beetle store pest, 
and mosquito larvae, were so encouraging as to warrant an intensive 
chemical study of its active principles, one of which had previously 
been called derrin (rotenone). In a laboratory test a water extract 
of the powdered bark with soap killed 100 peroent of potato beetles, 
and in the field the powder applied as a dust killed 70 percent.— 
Subramaniam (377 , 378 ). 
Mundulea is common in most parts of tropical and subtropical Afrioa, 
Madagascar, India and Ceylon. It has long been cultivated, and the seeds 
and bark have been used as fish poisons. Extracts of the stems, bark, 
cork, and leaves from South Afrioa showed nor appreciable toxicity to 
the bean aphid. Alcoholic extracts of the stems, seeds, and pods from 
India were toxio to this aphid, but extracts' of the roots and leaves 
had no appreciable action at a concentration equivalent to 1 percent 
of the plant material. The stems were the most active part of the 
plant.— Tattersfield and Gimingham ( 391 ). 
A powder made from the dried bark gave complete protection against 
bruchids when it was scattered thinly over grain in bins. A half-inch 
layer of fine sand or powdered bark laid on top of pulses in the 
receptacles prevented infestation by bruchids. — Subramaniam ( 380 , 382 ) . 
The powdered root bark, spread thinly over grain in basket bins, 
kept it free from bruohid attack in Mysore, India. All the insects 
coming to the surface from infested grain were killed, and no further 
breeding took place. A 5-percent water extract of this powder killed 
95 percent of the green scale of coffee in about 6 days. A 10-percent 
kerosene extract made into an emulsion and diluted to 50 tiroes with 
water killed more than 75 percent of this pest in 3 days.— 
Subramaniam ( 381 ) • 
This fish-poison plant is available in large quantities in the 
jungles of India. A 5-percent alcoholic extract of the stem bark killed 
100 percent of the caterpillars (Hyps a ficus (F.)) and beetle grubs tested 
in 24 hours. A 0.12-peroent alcoholic extract killed 90 to 100 per- 
oent of culicine mosquito larvae. A 20-peroent water suspension killed 
100 percent of the mango hoppers, and the powdered stem bark dusted on bruchids 
killed 80 to 100 peroent of them.— Putt arudri ah and Subramaniam (311). 
