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used as a fumigant, had only a slight effect on silkworms and webworms, 
but was efficient against aphids and the only ladybeetle tested. The 
powder, used as a decoction, had no effect on aphids. A soda extract, 
used as a spray, had no effect on nasturtium and cabbage aphids, but 
was efficient against grasshoppers, bees, and small webworms. Hot- and 
cold-water extracts, used as sprays, had no effect on nasturtium and 
cabbage aphids, but were efficient against grasshoppers, bees, and 
silkworms* An oil, extracted by petroleum ether and used as a spray 
suspended in water, was efficient against grasshoppers. The alcoholic 
and benzene extracts were inefficient against three species of aphids. 
The alcoholic extract was efficient but very slow against silkworms.-- 
Mclndoo and Sievers ( 259 , p. 9). 
Extracts from sabadilla seeds were not repellent to the Japanese 
beetle.— Metzger and Grant (277 ) . 
An efficient method of preparing kerosene extracts of sabadilla 
seed was standardized and the spray tested against the housefly. All 
extracts of this plant, except those of the mature seed, were nontoxic. 
At room temperature only the commercially powdered seed was found to be 
toxic. All samples of seed observed to be relatively inactive when 
extracted at 25° C. increased considerably in toxicity when they were 
extracted at 75° or higher. Heating the dry ground seed before ex- 
traction and soaking the ground seed in kerosene at 100° for several 
days increased its toxicity.—Dicke ( 118 ) . 
The following papers pertain to the alkaloids veratrine and cevadine 
found in sabadilla seeds: 
A solution of veratrine caused a slight trembling of the larva of 
Corethra plumioornis , but the heart activity was little ohanged.-- 
Dogiel U20, p. 27). 
Finely ground, dry powders of sabadilla seed, cevadine, and insect 
powder affected the motor nerve system of the insect.— DeWaal ( 416 ) . 
Larvae of Prodenia litura (F.) that ate cevadine (10, 2, and 1 
percent in flour) were slightly affected while those fed veratrine only 
nibbled and all died. — DeBussy (76). 
Veratrine (0.005 pound per 50 gallons) applied as a spray killed 
none of the Japanese beetles tested.— Moore and Campbell ( 284 , p. 400 ) . 
In laboratory tests veratrine used as an undiluted dust killed 100 
percent of codling moth larvae, and used as a 10-percent dust killed 
88.8 percent. — McAlister and Van Leeuwen (249). 
