-186- 
Oil of sandalwood (50 p,p,m,) killed 100 percent of the mosquito 
larvae te3ted,--Hartzell and Wilcoxon ( 188) , 
SAPINDACEAJS 
(Soapberry Family) 
CUPANIA sp. Moroballi. Muraballi. 
Extracts of the wood and bark of this fish-poison plant from 
British Guiana were nontoxio to the bean aphid.— Tattersfield and Gi«ing- 
ham ( 391 ), 
PAULLINIA PINNATA L. 
The leaves were reported to contain tephrosin. An extract of them 
was not appreciably toxic to citrus aphids, and a 2-peroent concentration 
killed only 47,5 percent to the aphids sprayed,— Wors ley (431) • 
SAPINDUS MARGINATUS mild. 
In a patent an insecticide or insectifuge was claimed for the use 
of the berries of this tree. Three berries had been found sufficient 
to preserve a bushel of wheat against infestation and in the powdered 
or liquid form was mixed with dried foodstuffs to repel weevils and 
other insects,— Hoover (202 ), 
SAPINDUS MGKOROSSI Gaertn, 
The green peach aphid was controlled with a spray consisting of ■£ 
pound of powdered soap nut (fruit of this plant) in 2 gallons of water 
in which ^ pound of soap was dissolved,— Fletcher (139 ), 
SAPINDUS UTILIS Trab. 
An emulsion made of 5 pounds of saponin (extract of fruit), 6 gal- 
lons of paraffin, and 25 gallons of water was recommended against the 
olive scale in Algeria,— Delassus ( 116 ) , 
The saponin patents (Brit. 230,203; Can. 247,378j Ger. 421,100; 
U. S, 1,610,167 and 1,901,960) will be mentioned here, although the 
saponin glucosides are also derived from the families Rosaceae and Caryo- 
phyllaoeae. An improved insecticide consisted of an alkaloidal extract 
of lupine in combination partly with an inorganic acid and partly with 
an extract of quillaja bark or other source of saponin glucosides. 
Saponins may be employed in a soluble fluoride mothproofing liquid to 
lower the surface tension and to facilitate the penetration of the liq- 
uid into the fibers to which it is applied. — Roark ( 333 , p, 92; 335 , 
p. 75) ; Roark and Busbey (346, p. 76) , 
