13 
processes or tubular glands at the bases of the lobes recall the thick- 
enings of a similar nature in Diaspidiotus, though they are much more 
developed, and are not accompanied by incisions. The scales are usually 
large, dark, and have covered exuviae. 
The distribution of Ghrysomphalus is quite remarkable. It seems to 
be quite at home in the neotropical region, but, very curiously, it sends 
northward a branch along our Atlantic coast, even to Washington 
(A. tenebricosus) and Massachusetts (A. smilacis). These northern forms 
lack the groups of ventral glands, and so are presumably viviparous. 
In the Old World it is significant enough that it appears in several very 
well-marked forms in Australia, but in xVsia and beyond it seems to be 
lost, or greatly altered. It appears probable that in such types as 
trilobitiformis and the so-called hederce, above alluded to, we see how it 
arose from Aspidiotus s. str., probably in the oriental or Australian 
region; while at the same time we have an indistinct hint of the man- 
ner of origin of Diaspidiotus to the northward. 
From the point of view of geographical distribution, however, the 
striking thing is that while Diaspidiotus evidently reached America 
from the north, Ghrysomphalus almost as evidently reached it from the 
south, and so may be taken as supporting the view that there formerly 
existed more land in the South Pacific Ocean. Had it been otherwise 
it seems incredible that there should be no native Chrysomphalus in 
Europe (unless the so-called hederce be placed there) or on our Pacific 
slope. 
It is to be observed that the male scale in A.fieus is almost round, a 
character which separates it at once from the similar .1. biformis. In 
the Australian A. cladii the $ scale is considerably elongated. 
Melaxaspis n. subg. 
Type A. obscurus. This is a modified Chrysomphalus of American ori- 
gin, with the exuviae black and the female with five distinct groups of 
ventral glands. Berlese placed it in Diaspidiotus, to which it is not 
related. The Mexican A. nigropunetatus also belongs here. 
Mycetaspis n. subg. 
Type A, personatus. This appears to be a greatly modified Chrysom- 
phalus. The small convex scale is very peculiar, as also are the char- 
acters of the 9 . Although this is a common West Indian insect, it is 
just possible that it had its origin somewhere in the Old World. Mr. 
Green's A. artocarpi from India, by the small very convex scale, the 
white scar with a black ring it leaves when removed, and some other 
characters, seems to be allied to personatus. 
Aonidikli.a Berl. & Leon. 
Type A. aurantii. This shows a decided affinity with Chrysomphalus, 
but yet is very distinct in some of its characters. Its place of origin 
is uncertain, but I incline to the opinion that it represents a northward 
extension of Chrysomphalus in the Chinese region. 
