Shep&rd and Campbell ( 368 ) in 1932 tested compounds isolated from der« 
ris and- derivatives of rotenone, by the leaf- sandwich method of Campbell 
and Filmer, as modified by Campbell, in fourth instars with the following 
results: 
M aterial 
Rotenone 
Dihydrorotenone 
Deguelin 
Tephrosin 
Acid lead arsenate 
Toxicarol 
Derritol 
Rotenol 
Dehydrorotenone 
Tubaic acid 
m.l.d. (mg./gm. ) 
approximately 0.003 
not more than ,010 
between 0.01 and ,012 
between 0.03 and .060 
approximately .090 
more than 1.540 
more than .870 
more than .510 
more than .400 
more than . 540 
Voelkel ( 460 ) in 1933 gave an account of the after effect of a derris 
preparation on some silkworms that were not killed by it, but there was an 
apparent decrease in the number of individuals produced. The insects were 
carried through two generations. 
Ginsburg and Granett (164, 165 ) in 1934 reported on the insecticidal 
properties of completely extracted derris-root residue, applied in the form 
of coarsely and finely ground dusts, against chewing and sucking insects. 
Silk moth larvae, cabbage worms, and apple aphids were used. The results 
suggest the following conclusions: Derris-root dust is very toxic to 
sucking and chewing insects. Against aphids the toxicity was greater when 
the dust was applied on wet than on dry foliage. Residues from derris root 
completely extracted with acetone possess practically no toxicity to aphids, 
but are both toxic and repellent to caterpillars. Residues from dorris 
root extracted first r.dth acetone and then with water do not seem to possess 
direct toxicity to caterpillars but act as a deterrent, preventing them 
from feeding on the dusted foliage. [Note: It is doubtful whether the 
extractions were complete-.-— R.C.R.] 
Ginsburg, Schmitt, and Granett (167, 16G ) in 1934 reported the toxi- 
city of various oxtracts of dorris root to sucking and chewing insects. 
Derris root was extracted rath acetone, alcohol, and water, two different 
processes being used, one consisting of continuous distillation in a 
Soxhlet apparatus for 10 hours, the other, of making a suspension of the 
ground root in cheesecloth and washing several times with fresh solvent. 
Secondary extracts were obtained by re-extracting the root residues from 
one solvent with another solvent. The primary and secondary extracts 
were tested on apple aphids, silk moth caterpillars, and mosquito larvae. 
The results suggest the following conclusions! Vfeter-solublo organic sol- 
vents, such as acetone and alcohol, are able to extract practically all 
the water-soluble and water-insolublo ingredients of dorris root toxic to 
sucking insects. Either continuous distillation or soaking rath subsequent 
filtration and washing will extract practically all the active principles 
of derris root. At low dilutions the water extracts compare' in 
toxicity with acetone and alcohol extructr. but proved inferior to thorn in 
high dilutions. Water extracts rapidly deteriorate on standing, wi th 
resultant loss of toxicity. 
