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Gross and Fahey ( 170 ) in 1930 wrote that in field tests at Yakima, 
Wash., in 1929 rotenone in lov, r concentration was not so"* toxic as had been 
expected. 
The Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station ( 227 ) in 1930 reported 
that Derrisol 1:200 plus summer oil 2:100 was tested as a substitute for 
lead arsenate for the control of the codling moth. Fair tc good control 
was obtained. 
Quaintance (340) in 1930 reported that the addition of derris extract, 
1:800, to oil did not materially improve its effectiveness. In small-seal? 
field tests rotenone gave very poor results; in the laboratory results 
ranged from good to poor. Rotenone appeared to be effective immediately 
after application but lost its effectiveness rapidly on exposure. 
Spuler et al. ( 388 ) in 1930 reported that the use of spreaders, fish 
oils, mineral oils, nicotine, derris, and pyre thrum compounds in combina- 
tion rath lead arsenate had given variable results. 
The United States Department of Agriculture ( 425 ) in 1930 stated that 
rotenone was being tested against this insect. At the annual codling moth 
conference in 1930 the Bureau of Entomology (431), of the Department, in- 
cluded reports on derris and rotenone by Newcomer, Dean, Campbell, Roark, 
and Runner. Newcomer reported as follows: 
. and field 
Laboratory/results with derris were poor in 1928, and laboratory 
results with derris were poor in 1929, even when tested the day the 
spray was applied. In the 1929 tests, the commercial Derrisol was 
used at 1:400 and 1:800, with and without a mineral-oil emulsion. 
Derrisol at 1:800, plus 0.75 percent of oil, used in the orchard, 
burned the fruit and foliage, and the experiment was discontinued. 
The rotenone was first used at 1:1,500 and 1:3,000 in alco- 
holic solution, alone and with mineral oil, fish oil, and casein 
spreader, and later at the same dilutions and the same combina- 
tions, with saponin at 1 pound to 200 gallons. The rotenone-saponin 
combination iras better than the alcoholic solution, and this combin- 
ation with mineral oil showed some indication of value. 
Dean reported that Derrisol at 1:200 plus summer oil at 2:100 gave 
fair control and seemed worthy of further trial. Campbell stated that 
rotenone was the most toxic compound to the silkworm that he had tested 
so far under laboratory conditions and that if it failed in the field 
decomposition or some other fact must be responsible. Such failure can- 
not bo due to lack of original toxicity. The Bureau of Entomology ( 432 ) 
in 1930 reported that derris extract combined with white-oil emulsion had 
been tested in the field against codling moth at Yakima, Wash, ; Benton- 
villc, Ark., and Wichita, Kans . Field and laboratory tests were made with 
rotenone. The Bureau (433) in 1931 reported that tests of rotenone against 
the codling moth in the field gave disappointing results, but because of 
the high initial toxicity this material possesses, efforts to develop ways 
of effectively utilizing it were being continued. 
