-50- 
Harman ( 184 ) in 19 34 reported experiments in a badly infested King 
orchard during i935 in New York. Kubatox (a derris extract), 1 quart to 
100 gallons, permitted 3 percent of stings and 89 percent of worms; the 
same plus 1 quart of cil permitted 3 percent of stings and 87 percent of 
worms, as compared with 60 percent of stings and 13 percent of worms for 
lead arsenate at 3 pounds to 100 gallons. The addition of 1 quart of oil 
to 1 quart of Kubatox per 100 gallons of spray resulted in 3 percent of 
stings and 87 percent of worms. 
Hough ( 192 ) in 1934 reported on the relative abilities of Colorado 
and Virginia strains of the larvae to enter apples sprayed with rotenone. 
Eggs placed on the apples sprayed with rotenone hatched 3 days after the 
spray was applied. Greater ability of the Colorado larvae to enter 
sprayed fruit was not specific for lead arsenate but was also demonstra- 
ted when such nonarsenical sprays as cryolite, barium fluosilicate, rote- 
none, cuprous cyanide, and nicotine were used. Comparative tests with 
Colorado and Virginia larvae on apples that received two applications of 
a nonarsenical spray (rotenone, 1 gm. in 2,000 cc.) gave results as fol- 
1 ows ; 
Strain Eggs hatched Live larvae Total injuries 
Number Number Percent Number Percent 
Colorado 377 57 15.1 67 17.7 
Virginia 440 24 5.4 25 5,6 
Kearns ( 229 ) in 1934 reported that derris did not provide a very high 
control in England. 
Marshall ( 269 ) in 1934 stated that derivatives of derris or cube root 
have not been so widely applicable as nicotine sulfate. 
Mote and Thompson (284) in 1934 recorded tests of substitutes for 
lead arsenate in Oregon. Various materials were tried as substitutes. 
The material was applied at a pressure of between 300 and 350 pounds, 10 
trees being used in each plot. All the apples on each tree, including 
windfalls, wore examined and the percentages of "wormy apples, stings, and 
clean fruit were recorded. Rotenone was tried only 1 year, 3 ounces being 
used in each 100 gallons of spray. In the first 2 cover sprays, 6 ounces 
of tannin was added to each 100 gallons and this may have been responsible 
for considerable foliage injury, which developed on this plot. 
Fruit 
Material 
Clean 
Vormy Stings 
Percent Percent Percent 
Rotenone 72.1 23.5 4.4 
Lead arsenate check 89.0 6.5 4.5 
Unsprayed control 15.2 82.0 2.8 
