-62- 
Rhyaciona buoliana (Schiff.), tho European pine shoot moth 
An anonymous note (4_) in August 1933 called attention to t he steps 
being taken by the. Bureau of Plant Industry of the New York State Depart- 
ment of Agriculture and Markets to bring under control an infestation in 
the nurseries of southeastern New York. A control measure worked out by 
R. D. Glasgow, State entomologist, was being employed. The method con- 
sisted of spraying with any one of a number of formulas. It was stated 
by Dr. Glasgow and B. D. Van Buren that the most successful of these form- 
ulas consisted of 1,5 pints of cube extract (5 percent rotencne oil), and 
2 gallons of miscible pine oil in 100 gallons of water. The nurserymen 
were instructed to spray thoroughly between June 25 and July 4, directing 
the spray branch by branch, downward and inward, so that it night pene- 
trate the needle clusters from the tip toward the base. Two applications, 
one near the beginning and one near the end of the period named, were ad- 
vised. This treatment gave good results, even in severe infestations. 
Glasgow in 1933, in a letter to R. C. Roark reported the results of spray- 
ing red pine in New York with a spray containing 2 percent of miscible 
pine oil and rotenone at the rate of about 1:12,800 parts by weight of the 
spray. .A, solid cube extract containing 15 percent of rotenone, dissolved 
/m 1 s o ib X-e ~" " o •• 
in/pine, oil, "was used. Glasgow said: "A single application of this spray 
at the right time (July 1932) appears to give excellent control. The im- 
provement is truly spectacular and can be recognized as far as the plats 
can be seen." Glasgow' s excellent results with rotenone sprays were refer- 
red to by Friend and West ( 147 ) in 1934. 
Friend and Hicock ( 144 ) in 1935 reported that tests in Connecticut 
carried out in a red pine plantation have shown that two applications of 
a suitable insecticide vail give fairly good results. A mixture of lead 
arsenate 1.5 pounds, fish oil 1 pint, and water 50 gallons, applied on 
June 22 and July 2, gave 86-percent control, based on the number of injured 
buds. Sprays containing lead arsenate with various other spreaders and 
stickers, and ground derris (4 percent rotenone) with powdered skim milk 
were not quite so effective. In 1936 these authors ( 145 ) reported fur- 
ther tests. Spraying experiments were carried out in a stand of infested 
red pines from 20 to 25 feet in height. Two applications were made, one 
at about tho time the eggs began to hatch (June 22) and the other 10 days 
later (July 2). The incubation period of the eggs under field conditions 
is approximately 10 days. The following three mixtures were compared: 
(l) Lead arsenate 1,5 pounds, fish oil 1 pint, water 50 gallons; (2) 
ground derris root (4 percent rotenone) 1 pound, powdered skim milk 0,5 
pound, water 50 gallons; (3) lead arsenate 1.5 pounds, waterproof glue 
0.5 pound, bentonite 0.5 pound, hydra ted lime 1,5 pounds, water 50. gal- 
lons. About 5 gallons of the material were applied per tree. The insec- 
ticide must roach the junctions of tho needle bases rath tho twigs, the 
only point of ontranco of the first instar, and a heavy application is 
necessary. In the first application the dcrris-skim milk had been di- 
luted to 75 gallons instead of 50, which weakenod tho comparison of re- 
sults with those of lead arsenate. 
