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Friend and Plumb ( 146 ) in 1938, reporting on tests made in 1936 and 
1937, stated that derris (4 percent rotenone, 14 percent ether extractives) 
plus SS-3 or powdered skim milk gave greater reduction in infestation than 
did lead arsenate. Cube (same analysis as the derris) was tried "with pow- 
dered skim milk, milk, rosin residue, and Ultrawet. The authors concluded: 
Field experiments on the control of the European pine shoot moth 
on red pine in Connecticut have shown that spraying with a mixture of 
4 pounds of ground derris root or ground cube root and 1 pound of pow- 
dered skim milk in' 100 gallons of water is superior to spraying with 
a mixture of 3 pounds of lead arsenate and 1 pint of fish oil in 100 
gallons of water. One application of cube about July 2 is as effec- 
tive as 3 or 4 applications of lead arsenate at 10-day intervals in 
June and July. Two applications of cube, one on July 2 and one on 
July 12, are significantly more efficient in reducing tip injury 
than one application -on July 2. As a spreader and sticker, powdered 
skim milk is as efficient as any other materials tried at the con- 
centrations used. It was found that spraying during the first half 
of June did not give good results in controlling the insect in .1936 
and 1937. 
Derris and cube were equally good. Exposure to sunshine for 
166 hours did not completely destroy the insecticidal value of these 
materials. The laboratory experiments with newly -hatched larvae on 
sprayed twigs show that, after an exposure of 11 days in the field, 
ground cube root used with powdered skim milk or Ultrawet was as 
effective in preventing boring as was the lead arsenate and f ish-cil 
combination. 
Friend ( 143 ) in 1939 reported that two applications of a mixture of 
1 pound of powdered skin milk and 4 pounds of ground derris or cube in 
100 gallons of water, the first application being made the last week of 
June or tho first week of July and the second 10 days later, gave excel- 
lent results on red pine. If control measures are efficiently carried 
out, treatment every other year should suffice, unless there are untreated 
infested trees in the immediate vicinity. 
Spilonota ocellana (D. & S.), the eye-spotted budmoth 
. Kelsall et al. ( 233 ) in 1926 reported that derris spray, 2 pounds to 
100 imperial gallons of water, was less than 10 percent effective against 
budworms, mostly this species. 
Yago ,( 502 ) in 1933 wrote that this species, formerly abundant in pear 
orchards in Shizuoka, Japan, had become scarce, probably owing to the use 
of insecticides, including derris. 
Stcganoptycha trimaculana Don. 
DeBussy, Van dor Laan, and Diakonoff (57) in 1936 reported that this 
species cannct be controlled with derris dust- or sprays because the in- 
sects cannot be reached. 
