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Zophodia convolutella (Kbn. ) ( syn. , Z. grossulariae Riley), the gooseberry 
fruitworm 
The Hew York State Agricultural Experiment Station ( 502 ) reported in 
1937 that powdered derris or cube root, applied either as a spray or a 
dust, proved to be the most successful insecticide. For the dust, a mix- 
ture of cube cr derris root with some inert carrier, such as talc, to 
give a 0,5-percent-rotenone content is suggested. For the spray, use 3 
pounds of the undiluted root in 100 gallons of water. Two treatments are 
advised for heavy infestations. The first should be timed to coincide 
with the petal-fall spray on apples, the second 10 to 14 days later. A 
single treatment 5 to 7 days after petal-fall spray should handle a light- 
to-moderate infestation. The same station ( 303 ) in 1933 reported excel- 
lent control of this insect in heavily infested currant fields with a dust 
or a spray of powdered derris or cube root. Two pounds per 100 gallons of 
a derris or cube root containing about 5 percent of rotenone is the sug- 
gested spray formula, and a dust should contain about 0.5 percent of rote- 
none. 
Hammer ( l82 ) in 1936 recorded tests made in Hew York. Powdered der- 
ris and cube root (5 percent rotenone) gave good control when used in 
sprays. The best results were obtained from two applications of either of 
these materials, used at the rate of 2 pounds in 100 gallons of water. 
The first application was made on May 21 (l day after the calyx spray was 
begun on Mcintosh apples) and a second on June 3. Almost as good results 
were obtained from one application using 4 pounds of derris or cube in 100 
gallons of water, applied on Kay 29, just as the worms Were beginning to 
web the clusters together. In sprays, derris gave slightly better results 
than cube. Dust mixtures containing either derris or cube root (0.5 per- 
cent rotenone) gave good control but were slightly inferior to the sprays. 
There was no apparent difference in toxicity between derris and cube dusts. 
Both clay and talc proved satisfactory as diluents. These results were 
referred to by Roark ( 557 ) in 19 33 in revietdng the comparative action of 
derris and cube of equal rotenone content on many insects. 
Haude in 1959 stated in advertising literature published by John 
Powell and Co., Hew York, H. Y. , that this worm may be controlled by sprays 
(3 pounds of powdered derris or cube containing 5 percent of rotenone in 
100 gallons of water) or dusts (0.5-percent-rotenone dust with sulfur or 
talc as the diluent). 
pieridae 
Colias philodico e urythemo Bdv. , the alfalfa caterpillar 
L. G. Jones ( 225 ) reported that in 1938 laboratory and field tests at 
Sacramento, Calif., with cube dust applied to growing alfalfa at the rate 
of 40 pounds per acre (rotenone 0.32 to 5 percent), disclosed that rote- 
none did not cause satisfactory mortality of all larval instars and of 
pupae of ( Burymus ) Colias eu rythemo . Tho cube dust or concentrate was di- 
luted with varying percentages of talc, sulfur, and wheat flour. No kill 
was noted in any rotenone combination with these materials nor from the 
undiluted cube (5 percent rotenone) dust. 
