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Batchelder, Questel, and Turner (30) in 1937 reported good control 
with derris spray, but derris dust was unsatisfactory. As a spray finely 
powdered derris (rotenone 4 percent) was used at the rate of 4 pounds per 
100 gallons of water, with ammo ni van- sulpho soap 0.075 percent and butyl 
phenyl-phenol sodium sulfonate 0,03 percent as spreading agents. In dust 
form, 1 part of derris to 8 parts of talc was used to obtain a content of 
approximately 0.4 percent rotenone. In 1936 cube was diluted with talc to 
a rotenone content of 0,8 percerrb and applied as a dust. In the dusts, 
butyl phenyl-phenol sodium sulfonate 0.03 or 0.1 percent was used as an 
adhesive^ In sprays ground derris (rotenone 0.02 percent) was more effec- 
tive than an acetone extract of derris of the same rotenone content. 
Ground derris applied to corn in a dust (talc) carrier in 1935 was. less 
effective (63 percent) than when applied in adjacent plots as a spray (88 
percent). The results obtained in 1936 indicated that (A) the effective- 
ness of derris dust, when the rotenone content was 0.4, 0.6, or 0,8 per- 
cent, did not increase consistently with the rotenone contentj and (B) all 
of these derris dusts gave a reduction in the borer population infesting 
the plants approximating the results obtained with the dual-fixed nicotine 
(4 percent) dust tested in adjacent plots. In another experiment conduc- 
ted in adjacent plots, a dust preparation of ground cube containing 0,8 
percent of rotenone was less effective than dual-fixed nicotine dust (4 
percent nicotine). In comparing the performance of dust preparations 
tested in 1936, however, the frequency and the extent of the rainfall dur 
ing the critical period of residue effectiveness should be considered 
carefully. It is believed that the effectiveness of all materials was 
greatly reduced by these rains and. that inconsistent results are attribu- 
table to residue losses occasioned by them. 
Turner ( 420 ) in 1936 reported that in tests in Connecticut, two of the 
materials tested proved to be outstanding and a third only slightly less 
effective. Pure ground derris root (4 percent rotenone) and phenothiazine 
used in suspension at the rate of 2 pounds in 60 gallons of water, with a j 
suitable spreader, were very effective. Sprayed plots produced 85 percent 
of borer-free ears, while adjoining unsprayed plots produced only 36 percent 
The formula recommended for derris is: Water, 25 gal.; pure ground derris,. 
root, 1 lb. j and a spreader, IN 181 (sodium lauryl sulfate) 1.5 oz. 
(avoirdupois), or Areskap (monosodium sulfonate of butyl phenylphenol ) 1,5 
oz., or SS-3 (a sulfated alcohol combined with a resinous sticker) 2,5 
liquid oz. The only practical sprayer used to date has been a hand sprayer 
either a knapsack- type or a small compressed-air sprayer. The spray mix- 
ture is prepared in a barrel and poured through a fine screen into the hand 
sprayers. Turner/ irrT<537 stated that both pure ground derris root and pure 
ground cube' root (each 4 percent rotenone) had proved highly satisfactory J 
in sprays on early market corn, and were the most practical materials for 
borer control. To obtain the best results in corn borer sprays, it was 
necessary to use a spreader. Three available materials had proved satis- ', 
factory and had not injured corn plants in the quantities used. These were 
Areskap, a phenyl-phenol preparation (dry powder); Ultrawet, a dry powder 
made from petroleum sulfonatos; and S3-3, a self-emulsifying liquid con- 
taining a sulfated alcohol combined with a resinous sticker. To 25 gallons 
of water one of the following spreaders is added: Areskap, 1,5 oz. (avoir- 
dupois); Ultrawet, 2.0 oz. (avoirdupois); or SS-3, 1,5 liquid oz. One pound 
of derris was mixed with a small quantity of this spreader solution to font 
