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containing 5 percent of rotenone and with "Yarmor" pine oil containing 
2 percent of pure rotenone. Both the knock-down and the mortality 
produced "by derris extract are increased by pine oil. The rate of 
activation is greater than with ho yre thrum. Combinations of derris 
and pine oil exhibit the same rate of kill as : derris alone, signif- 
icant' mortality occurring after 24 hours. Wlen combined with ierris 
extract, high-grade pine oils are more effective than those of low 
grade. The differences are not so distinct, however, as HLth 
pyrethrum. The effeet of pine oil on the toxicity of rotenone and 
of derris extract is similar. Pine oil increases 'the repellence 
of derris extract in*relation to the Quantity added, but not at so 
great a rate as that of t>yre thrum extract. 
Feytaud and Lapp a rent ( 87 ) in 1936 published the following 
formula for a fly spray; Cube powder or derris powder 10 gm. .and 
pyrethrum powder 10 gm. . is macerated in 100 grip, of . a mixture of .equal 
parts of terpinolene and orthodichlorobensene or carbon tetrachloride 
for 5 days with frequent agitation, then, filtered and,-a perfume added, 
for example, 10 percent of " tenoene de citronelle." 
R. J. Prentiss end Company, in advertising literature published 
in 1936, discussed laboratory and field methods of evaluating stock 
sprays. The following factors were considered: Physical, physiological, 
and toxic properties by the Peet-Grady test, and repellent' properties. 
This company manufactures "Prentox Stock Spray Concentrate No. 20" and 
"Prentox L. S. Concentrate," both of which contain derris extractives. 
A proper combination of- derris resins with a safe and effective repel- 
lent of the fumigent type dissolved in a properly chosen base oil will 
make a stock spray that "'ill fully meet the most exacting specifications. 
Boyd (37) in 1937 reviewed the use of rotenone in control of 
household insects. Rotenone as a fly spray and combinations of rotenone 
r, ith pyrethrum and with thiocyanates were referred to. 
Greenup (126), American Commercial Attache at Lima, Peru, in 1937 
advised that Cubex,' a proprietary insecticide made from Cube, was used 
only as a general household insecticide for killing flies . and . other 
insects. 
Hardtmann ( 137 ) in 1937 recommended oil-rotenonc sprays for 
combating flies and gnats. (See Hardtmann under Hyooderma , page 68 .) 
Dibble and Muncie (74) in 1938 recommended derris. in control 
preparations and fly killers for livestock pests. 'DSrris" 1? slower 
acting than pyrethrum but does not deteriorate so raoidly in sun and 
air. Dusts should contain from 0.5 to 1.0 percent of ' rotenone". 
Thomssen and Doner ( 274 ) in 1938 reviewed published information 
on fly control for livestock and mentioned rotenone sprays for killing 
adult flies. 
