-6-.. .. 
ticks then against the fully 
3d 
the time of application-, the- derris wash, is retained on the hair and sk~ir. 
longer than the ponder and has a more extended repellent action. Then used j 
"by either method, - derris is more effective against flet or slightly ehgorgedJ 
females; therefore, in order to prevent all reproduction, treatments z'r. iuld 
"be given before females "become well engorged. The powder should "be applied 
at intervals of 2 or 3 days and the wash or dip at intervals of 5 or Lays. 
..The derris powder should have a rotenone content of at least 2 percent. (3ee 
Bishopp and Smith ( 10 ). ,■ p. 5.) 
C. N. Smith (13?) in 1939 reported tests with derris against the American 
dog tick. . Laboratory tests with derris powder dips (see Bishony and Smith (10) 
p. 5) indicated that none of the mixtures wi 11 kill the inactive stages -f the 
adult ticks; 16 percent of the females and 33 percent of the males active tut 
unfed in nature were killed; 92 rercent of fed males and slightly engorged 
and fully engorged- females were killed, as were 44 percent of the females that 
were from one-eighth to one-third engorged,' and 50 percent of the females that 
were half engorged. 
Ixodes holocyclus Newm. 
Ross ( 130 ) in 1936 reported tests with "both rotenone- and derris against 
ticks, Ixodes holocyclus . Both derris powder and derris infusion were highly 
lethal." Infusions were made "by soaking 1 percent of derris powder by weight 
in cold water overnight, and the following morning- adding sufficient soap or 
soap powder to make a good lather. By one application of such solutions, or 
or the dry powder rubbed well. into the coat, newly attached ticks were found 
to be dead or dying in 4 to 8 hours, 'but semigorged specimens may remain alive 
for 24 hours, though in almost every case they are obviously sick in this time, 
then they gradually dry up and finally fall out. 
An anonymous writer (3) in 1939 wrote that dogs in Queensland, Australia, 
may be protected against the scrub or bottle tick if given every 5 or 7 days 
either a. dusting with derris powder or a wash in a derris infusion. 
Ixodes ricinus (L.), the castor-bean tick 
Little (93) in 1931 reported that powdered root of Tephrosia virginiana 
proved to be effective in the control of the castor-bean tick. 
MacLeod (95) in 1933 described tests made with derris against the sheep 
tick in Scotland. Tests were made with dip solutions containing 0.2 percent 
of arsenic trioxide, 0.35 percent of phenol, and 0.21 percent of toxic extract 
of Ferris, respectively, on shee-n infested with the sheep tick. His con- 
clusions were as follows:. 
"Derris at a bath-strength of 0.21 percent of toxic extract, 
"hen mixed with a soan solution, forms a highly satisfactory tick 
- dip. A solution prepared from a mixture of derris and soap powder 
forms en equally satisfactory dip. Derris-dro solution retains 
to a great extent its properties in the bath for a period of at 
least 4 days. The 4-day-old dip is not so efficacious as fresh 
dip, but appears to be practically as destructive to ticks as are 
fresh solutions of arsenic or carbolic di^s." 
