-515- 
of the outbreak. Nevertheless, from moderate- to-severe spring infes- 
tations developed throughout a rather large area extending from east- 
central Missouri through central and southern Illinois, widening to 
include most of western Indiana and narrowing again to continue across 
southern Indiana into southwestern Ohio. Light-to-moderate infesta- 
tions also occurred in some localities of southern Michigan, east- 
central -Ohio, and north-central Pennsylvania. The most severely in- 
fested area included southern Illinois, southern Indiana, and south- 
western Ohio. In this area most cf the fields observed were injur ©fl 
to some extent and much fallen straw was in evidence. A conservative 
estimate of damage to the,1936 crop places the loss in Illinois, In- 
diana, and Ohio at 6,878, o '''0 bushels, or ah out &■ } efc.nt of trh* crop, with 
a value of $6,521,000 at current prices. At harvest time a severe 
fall outbreak extending from eastern Missouri to southwestern Ohio 
threatened, with practically no danger. of such an occurrence in the 
west-central, southern, or eastern States, except for restricted 
areas in southern Michigan, eastern Ohio, and central Pennsylvania. 
However, the summer drought caused unusually high mortality of 
aestivating puparia, and fall weather conditions were rather unfavor- 
able to fly activity or early sowing of wheat. Moderate fall infes- 
tations are present in volunteer and in occasional early sown fields 
in some localities throughout the Central States hut reports from most 
of these States indicate that generally wheat was sown late and fly 
infestations are in general very light, with little prospect of mater- 
ial injury to the crop next spring, -except in occasional fields. This 
summary is "based on observations and surveys by the Bureau of Entomol- 
ogy and Plant Quarantine and the entomologists of the States concerned. 
(C. M. Packard, Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, U. S. D. A.) 
BLACK GRAIN STEM SAV.TLY 
Surveys made during the summer showed the black grain-stem 
sawfly more or less abundant in wheat fieB"} over a wide area. Infes- 
tations were found in Kent and New Castle Counties, Del.; Baltimore 
Carroll, Cecil, Dorchester, Frederick, Montgomery , and Washington 
Counties, Md. ; and in Adams, En/tler, Centre, Cumberland, Franklin, 
Huntingdon, Indiana, Lycoming, Mercer, Mifflin, Northumberland, Perry, 
Union, and York Counties, Pa.; Augusta, Campbell, Caroline, Fauquier, 
King Georgo, Loudoun, Prince William, Rockingham, Shenandoah, and 
Westmoreland Counties, Va. ; and in Belmont, Carroll, Columbiana, 
Coshocton, Guernsey, Harrison, Holmes, Jefferson, Mahoning, MeAina, 
Monroe, Noble, Portage, Stark, Summit, Trumbull, Tuscarawas, and 
Wayne Counties, Ohio* The infestation was by far the heaviest in 
eastern Ohio, where numbers were alarming in several co-unties. 
The infestation was found to have advanced considerably farther 
westward in that State this year. (S. J. Udine, Bureau of Ento- 
mology ane'd Plant Quarantine, and J. S. Houser, Ohio Experiment 
Station. ) 
LIBRARY 
; T ATE PLANT BOARD 
