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cperatioiis than arc ordinarily practiced, resulting in the protection of much 
of the corn from damage "by first^brood'tmgs. : More than 8,000,000 gallons of 
creosote was used in construction of "barriers. Pall surveys of the infested 
area, in most instances conducted cooperatively by the Bureau of Entomology 
and Plant Quarantine, end the "States involved, and reports from State entomol- 
ogists indicate that chinch hug populations are heavier in general now than 
they were last fall and that the area where the bugs are overwintering in' 
numbers is considerably extended over that of last year, reaching to the 
northern boundary of Iowa, into the' southern- tier of counties in Minnesota 
and Wisconsin, and well up into the State of Michigan on the north; to the 
eastern boundary of Ohio on the cast; to the middle of Kansas on the west; 
and^ south to the southern boundaries of Oklahoma and Missouri.. 
The accompanying map indicates the relative severity of infestation bace d 
on present available, data on abundance. In view of the lack o'f a standardized 
method of making surveys the degree's of severity indicated are only approxi- 
mate. The States of Oklahoma, Kansas, Missouri, Iowa, Minnesota, Michigan, 
and Nebraska conducted detailed surveys cooperatively with the Bureau of Ento- 
mology and Plant Quarantine. The data for Wisconsin, Indiana, and Ohio are 
based on severity of infestation in 193^> combined with data obtained from the 
State workers and incidental observations made by workers a/t Federal labora- 
tories regarding fall abundance of hibernating bugs. Possibly some infesta- 
tion will occur in the south-central portion of Missouri, which was not sur- 
.veyed. The northwestern 'corner of Iowa is indicated by C. J. Drake as being 
very JLightly infested. Unless spring weather is unfavorable for chinch bug 
development, severe damage may be expected and extensive control operations, 
will be, required this spring. • ' -'■ ; 
Minor damage, primarily to lawns, "wa.s also reported from Vermont, New lo rk, 
Hew Hampshire, and Massachusetts. Damage in eastern Ohio 'and : the Eastern States 
was probably due in the main to Blis sus hirtus Montd. (p. N. Annand, Bureau 
ojf Entomology and Plant Quarantine, U. S. D. A.) 
HSSSIAil PLY ; ' 
At harvest time the hessian fly was, in general, at very low-ebb in numbers 
throughout .the winter-wheat regions. The severe drought west of the Appalachian 
Mountains evidently acted as an effective restraint on the multiplication of 
the pest. Injury was recorded in scattered districts in southeastern Kansas, 
southern Missouri, east-central Indiana, middle Tennessee, northern Ohio, south- 
central Pennsylvania, and central North Carolina. As the season progressed, 
however, some change in conditions was observed. Per instance, oast of the 
Appalachians the rate of infestation showed a distinct increase. In New York 
the average infestation was 10 percent, or more than three times' as high as in 
1933« ^ n Maryland the infestation was light, averaging 5 percent, but heavier 
than that of 1933- 2n Pennsylvania, however, serious infestation was general 
and considerable damage was done by the fall generation. The average rate of 
infestation for the State had advanced frcm 3 percent in 1933V to 23 percent 
in 193^' Early sown fields were badly .damaged. In Virginia and North Carolina 
late sowing prevented any widespread increase' in infestation, _ but occasidn'al 
early sown fields were found heavily infested. It is believed that together 
with some infestation in volunteer wheat, these fields may be sources ^fgefrious 
