PARNASSIUS I. 
of Clarius. But the protest of Mr. Behrens, who had seen a proof of the plate, 
and the result of a re-examination by Mr. Henry Edwards, to whom I had refer- 
red the question, have made me think it probable that there are two species, and 
that figs. 5 and 6 represent the true Clodius of Menetries. His description pur- 
ports to have been taken from a single male “brought from California by Wos- 
nesensky” without further notice of its habitat. Menetries states that it is dis- 
tinguished from Clarius , Eversmann, by its great size and dead white color, and 
he describes in nearly all respects an individual closely resembling the one fig- 
ured on our plate. 
Boisduval, in his paper of 1852, gives a description of Clarius which seems 
to have been drawn from individuals of that species, and he states that it is 
found in the mountains of California. 
But in his Lepidoptera of California, 1869, he states that he was in error 
in considering the species he had before described to be the Clarius of Evers- 
mann and substitutes therefor Clodius Menetries, omitting the former from his 
list of species. 
Mr. Edwards, who has devoted many seasons to collecting the Califor- 
nian butterflies and who is largely acquainted with their habits and localities, 
writes, “ I am fully convinced from an examination of all the specimens with- 
in my reach, in my collection and in those of Mr. Behrens and Dr. Behr, 
that we have two species of Parnassius nearly allied and that these have been 
described by Eversmann and Menetries. The great differences appear to me 
to be that Clodius is larger than Clarius, of a clearer white, less transparent, 
with the red ocelli of a brighter, clearer color, and always with red spots at 
the base of secondaries beneath. The two black stripes on primaries are sharper, 
wider, and of a more intense black. In a long series of these insects perhaps 
other characters would present themselves, but in what I have seen, the dis- 
tinctions appear to be well preserved.’’ 
I have tabulated the differences between the males of the two species, thus ; 
- Clarius. 
Expanse of wing 2.4 inches. 
Color sordid-white. 
Discal bars pale. 
Sometimes black spot on inner margin. 
The two red spots, rather angular, of unequal 
size, one often a mere point. 
Color of spots varying from pale yellow red to 
bright red. 
Sometimes a narrow, pale bar at anal angle ) of- 
ten wanting. 
Sometimes a pale red bar at anal angle below 
Usually no red spots at base of secondaries. 
Clodius. 
Expanse 3.5 inches 
Color cream-white. 
Dense black. 
Always black spot on inner margin. 
The two spots of equal size, rounded. 
Color bright-red. 
Usually a conspicuous, deep colored bar at anal 
angle. 
Always a large red arc at anal angle below. 
Always red spots and usually conspicuous. 
