PARNASSIUS II— IV. 
Z{ 
^.10 (H' 
PAENASSIUS SMINTHEUS. 
Parnassius Smmtheus, (Smin'-the-us) Doubleday, G-en. Diur. Lep. pi. 4, 1847. Edw. Proc. Acad. Nat. 
Sci. Phil. 1862. 
Phoebus, var. Kirby, Cat. p. 511, 1871. 
Yar. Sayii, 9 , Edw. Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil. 1868. 
? Nomion, Bois. Ann. Soc. Ent. de Fr. 1852. 
Var. Behrii , % , Edw. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. 1870. 
Intermedius, Menetries, Enum. Corp. Anim. Mus. St. Petersburg, 1855, p. 72. 
Male. — Expands from 1.5 to 2.5 inches. 
Upper side pure white, semi-transparent at apex and sometimes narrowly along 
hind margin as far as the upper or even the second branch of median ; but most often 
the margin is bordered by white serrations, anterior to which the transparent space 
takes the form of a narrow serrated band; primaries have also an extra-discal 
row of spots, or rather of clusters of scales, sometimes limited to the costal mar- 
gin, sometimes extending quite across the wing, or of any intermediate length ; 
these spots are either dead-black and conspicuous, or delicate and pale-colored; on 
the arc an irregular black spot, sometimes terminating at the sub-costal nervure, 
but more often reaching the costal, and in form either sub-rotund or a curved bar, 
sometimes duplex, that portion between the two nervures then being nearly or en- 
tirely separated from the other and advanced towards base of wing; a second spot in 
cell starting from the sub-costal, sometimes also large, rounded, and at others a nar- 
row bar, but never quite reaching median nervure; costal edge of primaries densely 
irrorated with coarse black scales, as is also the base and basal portion of cell ; beyond 
cell are two, sometimes three black spots, each pupilled with crimson ; this color 
is often wholly wanting, or is present on the costal spot only ; another black spot is 
usually found on the middle of inner margin, either with or without a crim- 
son pupil. 
Secondaries black at base and along abdominal margin quite up to cell, the 
basal third of which it covers, and often sends a curved branch around the 
extremity; hind margin sometimes immaculate, but in most cases bordered by a 
row of rounded black spots and points, which extend more or less across the wing; 
on middle of costal margin a crimson spot and another on disk, each in black ring 
and of variable size, but usually small ; these spots differ in shades of color in in- 
