PARNASSIUS II— IV. 
do not emerge from the eggs till Spring. (Dr. Hagen informs me that it was ob- 
served by Schaeffer, as long ago as 1754, that the caterpillars of P. Apollo were 
found in the months of March and April in Switzerland, after the snow had gone, 
and of such size that they must have been just hatched, and have spent the 
winter in the egg.) 
My attention has been called by Mr. Bates and Dr. Hagen to some remarks 
on the nature of the pouch of the female Parnassian by Yon Siebold, and Dr. 
Hagen has kindly prepared an abstract of what is to be found printed on the sub- 
ject. 
“A paper by Prof. C. Yon Siebold was published in the Zeitung fur Wissen- 
schaftliche Zoologie, 1850, III, pp. 54 — 61, and reprinted Ent. Zeit. Stettin, 1851, 
XII, pp. 17 6 — 185. The first part is only historical to show that next to nothing was 
previously known about the matter, and that Dr. Boisduval had separated Doritis 
Apollinus generically because its female had no pouch. Siebold doubted that 
this organ formed part of the body and he found he could easily separate it in 
Mnemosyne, and with more difficulty in Apollo, as in this species it is glued 
more strongly by its broad base to the flat underside of the abdomen. Later, Sie- 
bold observed in the collections females of Apollo without the pouch, and con- 
cluded that it was formed in coition by one of the sexes and would probably as- 
sume the form externally of a cast of the male organs. Mr. Hoger, Berichte der 
Schlesischen Tauschvereiner, 1844, No. Y, p. 3, had before observed that females 
of Apollo and Mnemosyne just emerging from the chrysalis had no pouch. The 
chemical examination by Dr. Baumert showed that this appendage is soluble in 
caustic alkalic as it would not be if formed of chitine. When separated and boiled 
in the alkali it easily dissolved and only some brownish oily drops remained. 
Siebold quotes Schaeffer, who gives a very good history of the transformation 
of Apollo, “ All specimens possessed this pouch which were raised by me. But in 
those caught in the mountains the pouch was seldom unhurt; in specimens that had 
long before emerged, as was evident from the bad condition of their wings, the 
pouch was very much damaged, so that sometimes I was obliged to look sharply to 
find the rudiments of it among the hairs of the abdomen.” 
Siebold believed that Schaeffer’s first statement (the italicised words) was a 
mistake. Mr. Reutti, of Freiburg, had made experiments for Siebold in 1850. He 
took 50 caterpillars and from them raised 11 chrysalids only, because, as is stated 
by Schaeffer, this species {Apollo) is difficult to raise. Between 15th and 20th 
July, he had 4 $, 4 ?. The latter did not possess the pouch on emerging from the 
chrysalis. On the 17th, at 1 P. M. one pair united and so remained till late in the 
night, and on the following morning the female had a well formed pouch on the 
abdomen. The female died fourteen days later, without any use of the pouch as 
