104 
BEES AND BEE-KEEPING. 
Jin. stuff. Upon each corner he places a special 
form of metal end [nie. Fig. 36), which extends the 
half bee-space above the top or below the bottom, 
rail. The frames run parallel with the hive entrance. 
The objectionable tin rest of Heddon is rendered 
entirely unnecessary by widening the lath (/) on the 
bottom board, so that it not only supports the hive 
side {hs), but also the metal end ; by which device the 
bottom rail [br) is raised a full bee-space from 
the bottom board. At each end of the top and bottom 
rails of the frames a central tongue [g) is left. This 
runs through the side bar, and extends Jin. beyond 
it, so that the frame is prevented from touching 
the hive side while it is being inserted ; and at all 
times the accurate lateral bee-space is preserved. 
The width of the metal end spaces the frames ; and, 
when they are placed in position, a dummy with a 
stiffening-piece is operated upon by an outside screw, 
which so pushes the perpendicular, external faces 
of the metal additions together that, as Mr. Hooker 
informs me, the most heavily-laden frames can be 
inverted bodily, in the hive section, without the 
smallest risk. Mr. Heddon’s hive sections, although 
intended for inversion, yet are upright when the 
frames rest on the tin strip, and upside down when 
in the inverse position ; and then they somewhat 
dangerously — as has been already pointed out — depend 
exclusively upon the retaining power of the screws 
for preventing the frames slipping. Mr. Hooker’s 
hive sections, however, are absolutely alike above and 
below, so that the expressions “ upright” and ‘‘upside 
down ” do not apply to them. In no position do the 
