I 12 
BEES AND BEE-KEEPING. 
used, or the wide and shallow together. The shallow 
frames have no bottom rail, and it is claimed that 
these give complete interchangeability upon natural 
linesP and preserve winter passages by the division 
of combs into two. The writer would, however, prefer 
to winter his colonies in one rather than two of the 
body-boxes. It is directed that these shallow bodies, 
when used as a brood-nest, should have their combs 
ijin. only from centre to centre. A shallow body-box, 
when comb-building is rapidly progressing above, may 
be added beneath as a swarm-preventing eke ; and 
should the bees then furnish it with combs, these 
may be utilised for storage, or employed in sections, 
according to plans which Mr. Simmins has originated. 
The sides are fitted together by halving out, and 
are for the section-racks {sr) held in position by 
Quinby clips (Qc, Qc, Fig. 37), each consisting of 
two iron plates screwed to the hive, and an angle 
piece which grasps both, but which can at once be 
removed by a few upward taps with the hammer, 
when the sides fall apart to admit of ready cleaning. 
This plan has advantages, especially to those but 
little acquainted with mechanical matters, and who, 
nevertheless, would prefer to buy their hives in the 
flat. The section-racks are only the depth of the 
sections themselves, which, in consequence, stand flush 
with the top and bottom edges of the rack containing 
them ; and as the frames also stand flush with the 
body-boxes, the needful bee-space is provided by 
wooden rings, or, as Mr. Howard calls them, ‘‘ loose 
trays,” having the break-joint on their upper and 
lower faces. One of these is added beneath each 
