CHAPTER V. 
ARTIFICIAL AIDS TO COMB-BUILDIXG. 
Ancient Methods — Comb Guides — Guides in Skeps — 
Guide Bars — Plain Guide-7iiaker — Wax Smelter — 
Foundation : its Pjiportance — M ehring s Invention — 
Wax Sheet — Cheshire Foundation — Foundation 
Machines — Fixing — Split Top Bar — Hooker's 
Stretcher — Lee's Dovetail Joint — Carr’s Adjustable 
Ends — Sagging: Methods of Preventuig — Wired 
Foundation — Cheshire Fixers — Wired Frames — 
Embedders — Cast Foundation — Thickness for 
Foundation — Mathematics of the Question — Varia- 
tion in Size of Cells — Abnormal Comb — The First 
and Second Row of Cells — Singular Adaptation, 
The movable comb system demands ability to direct 
and control the position given by the bees to their 
slabs of cells. The most obvious, and probably the 
most ancient, method of securing this necessary power 
was that followed, at the Eastern end of the Medi- 
terranean, many centuries since, and adopted by 
Huber, who fixed the straightest pieces of comb at 
command against the under side of the top bars 
of his leaf hive (page 42). Up to our own day, 
this system, somewhat modified, is used largely on 
