1Q2 
BEES AND BEE-KEEPING, 
driving into the upper side of the top bar a steel 
appliance resembling a two-pronged fork, terminated 
by parallel knife edges instead of points. The wedge 
being withdrawn, the tool holds open the cleft, per- 
mitting the more convenient insertion of the founda- 
tion, but the before-mentioned difficulties remain. 
Others reduce these by half dividing the top bar by 
a second cut run transversely into the extremity of 
the first, or end the trouble by a third cut, 
completely separating half of so much of the top 
bar as stands between the sides. After inserting 
Fig. 53.— Details of Lee’s Dovetail-jo lnted Frames (Scale, p. 
A, Part of Standard Frame— Top Bar ; sb, Side Bar ; dj. Dovetail Joint ; /*•, 
Foundation Space. B, Lower End of Side Bar. C, Ditto with br, Double 
Bottom Rail. D, Upper Corner of Standing Invertible Frame— Letterings as 
before. 
the foundation, the parts are joined up again by 
nailing. These devices all weaken the frame, and 
require a far greater expenditure of time than waxing, 
to which they are, in my opinion, unequal. 
Mr, James Lee, long known to bee-keepers as a 
most accomplished manipulator of the saw-bench, 
has just invented a frame presenting so many good 
points that it must become a favourite. It is intro- 
duced here because of the extreme fatility and security 
with which foundation can be inserted in it ; but its 
structure must be examined in order that it may be 
