RAISING AND INTRODUCTION OF QUEENS. 34 1 
amount to keep them in a sleepy condition, out of 
which they emerge so gradually that the queen 
behaves as though at home, and no encasement 
follows. 
During the honey season, queens may, in most cases, 
be successfully run in after very vigorously smoking 
at the entrance. The smoke 'of tobacco appears to 
me to be particularly objectionable, but is usually 
preferred for this purpose on account of its stupefying 
effect. The evening,’ as the light is failing, is the 
time for the operation. Then all the bees are at home,^ 
and none escape the dose. The bees should be aroused 
as little as possible in removing the queen to be dis- 
placed, and, whilst they are suffering from the noisome 
blasts, her successor placed within the entrance, and 
driven forward by an additional puff. In introducing 
virgin queens thus, forty-eight hours’ previous queen- 
lessness is desirable. 
Under our second head we have yet to consider 
the effect of hopelessness, in addition to disorgani- 
sation. The Rev. G. Raynor has put this so well 
in his paper that I prefer to follow so excellent an 
authority in extenso : In their normal condition, bees 
will always show fight on the introduction of strange 
bees to a well-stocked hive, whether by the entrance 
or otherwise. But deprive the same bees of their 
possessions — combs, brood, and honey — and they will 
unite with any others presented to them without a 
struggle. In the case of colonies, therefore, in fixed- 
comb hives, such as skeps, the bees are driven out by 
the ordinary method, and their queen is removed. By 
I driving, the bees are thoroughly subdued, and all the 
