RAISING AND INTRODUCTION OF QUEENS. 35 1 
exactly under command, and well in view, especially 
if a slip of white paper be pasted down one side of 
the glass. The corner of the quilt lifted, the inver- 
sion of the tube rolls her out, and she is on the top 
bar of the frame in a moment ; while, with the dome 
cage, she is likely to cling to the edges, and, perhapS) 
in the pale light of the lamp, elude us for a few 
moments, so that the stock gets a needless and un- 
desirable amount of disturbance. 
In summing up my own impression with regard to 
varied re-queening systems, I have little hesitation in 
saying that the plan of direct introduction last described, 
if properly managed (and, with so much simplicity, mis- 
management is hardly possible), will give a lower percent- 
age of failures than any of the usual forms of caging, 
while the trouble involved is not a tithe of that caging 
demands. No time is lost, either to queen or bees, 
and the operation, being completed at a stroke, places 
no burden on the memory of the operator. In addition, 
no drug is used, nor smoke in nauseating volumes, and 
there can be no suspicion of injuring, even temporarily, 
the health of either bees or queen ; while, if one 
pleases, every queen in the apiary may be changed 
from one hive to another with no greater loss than 
one half-hour’s ovipositing. 
An attempt has been made to deprive Mr. Simmins 
of the honour of giving the method to the world of 
bee-keepers. Then Watt did not invent the steam- 
engine, for he built on Newcomen ; and so on in 
endless chain, for almost every invention is inter- 
linked with some part of the legacy of thought, the 
heritage of every age. But he is an inventor who^ 
