BEES AND BEE-KEEPING. 
35 
-> 
out of that legacy, brings some new application which 
gives us a power we did not previously possess. 
Direct introduction, as taught by Mr. Simmins, has 
saved me queens, time, and anxiety, and I feel 
pleasure in expressing my indebtedness. 
In the height of a honey flow, when troops of young 
bees are gnawing out, and the old ones are all too 
busy in the fields to intrude overmuch into the brood- 
nest, queens may be lifted off their combs and placed 
down at once amongst the unsuspecting youngsters 
of another stock, whose queen has just been carried 
off, perhaps to exchange places with her successor ; 
but we have not been dealing with such special con- 
ditions, and transfers like these had better be left — by 
the novice, at least — to those whose experience will 
grasp the needful conditions for a commonly risky 
experiment. Recently-hatched grey bees will agree 
with any queen, and if it be desirable to keep the latter 
in her travelling-box while her original attendants are 
failing, new ones, if only quite young, may be given 
to her from any stock with perfect safety. It may 
aid the learner, also, to remark that stocks that become 
queenless, especially if through a failure in intro- 
duction, are more fussy and noisy under manipulation 
than usual, and that this behaviour will be, to an expert, 
a good sign of their condition. 
Ere closing this chapter devoted to queens, some 
notice must be given of those pseudo-queens, called 
fertile workers, which sometimes appear, and especially 
in those hives that have been long hopelessly queen- 
less. One or more of the workers, without external 
change, will commence ovipositing in an irregular 
