384 
BEES AND BEE-KEEPING. 
and incapable of accommodating itself to irregularities. 
Students of rigid economy (and even those well-to-do 
who, in the philanthropic spirit, instruct their poorer 
neighbours, should be such) will find that tin cans (B, 
Fig. 94) — now so abundant that they may be regarded 
as waste — make excellent feeders. The lid should be 
placed over the end grain of a piece of hard wood, 
to prevent its buckling, and then, with a bird-cage 
maker’s bradawl (a pointed awl), fine holes should 
be pierced. If the can be now filled with syrup, 
F 
Fig. 94. — Appliancfs for Top-feeding. 
A, Shovel and Food-Bottle. B, Section of Tin Can Feeder— j), Perforations in 
Lid ; h, b. Air-bubbles ; fs, Feeding-stage. 
and the lid placed on, it can be inverted without 
mess or waste, and with no disposition on the part 
of the lid to drop off, it being only necessary to 
keep the can perpendicular. It is now stood on the 
feeding-stage (/?). A disadvantage applies to it, 
and equally to the nearly obsolete bottle and canvas. 
When it is lifted, the bees escape by the feed-hole, 
while many are brought away adherent to the feeder. 
This can be entirely obviated by nailing wire-cloth 
over the hole, when it is practically equal to, and 
