THE PRODUCTION OF HONEY. 
447 
made clean holes jin. in diameter. Four rather small 
pins are driven in — two above and two below each 
opening, each pair so close together that a fifth pin 
can lie between the two pairs, exactly across the centre 
of the hole, while its head cannot slip down between 
the upper two. Instead of using two pins above 
the hole, I prefer a pin deprived of its head, and 
driven in somewhat like a bell-hanger’s staple, to 
suspend the centre pin running across the opening. 
Three or four of these will be sufficient. The bees, 
coming to the light, press up the pin which crosses 
the hole; it freely rises, and gives them exit; while 
entry, as it falls back into position, is effectually 
barred. 
'■The difficulty of dealing with large supers directed 
attention to methods of easy and cleanly sub-division. 
The Stewarton Super, with combs attached to bars 
which could be distributed with scarcely the rupture 
of a cell, pointed the way to progress, and shallow 
frames were introduced, capable of storing 2lb. or 
31b. of honey. These were arranged in supers, like 
the frames of the hive below. Next followed the 
divisional super, consisting of a series of wide and 
shallow frames, with a narrow bottom rail, raised Jin. 
from the ends of the sides. The wide frames were 
braced side by side, after the fashion of the Giotto 
(page 89), and were closed at the ends by thin 
boards, usually carrying a small^ circular window, to 
enable the bee-keeper to judge of their condition ; for 
when side frames, in such an arrangement, are com- 
plete, it is practically certain that the central ones are 
so. The wide top bars meeting together made the super 
