452 
BEES AND BEE-KEEPING. 
with very little play, is highly serviceable ; for, while 
it holds steadily the upright carrying the dovetail, 
the overstraining of the joints, so likely to cause 
fracture, is prevented, the section being at the same 
time put up rectangularly. It will be noticed that 
the incept (zn) provides passage-way for the bees, as 
it is secured by the narrow top and bottom of the 
Root. Incepts are now being made on all four sides, 
an improvement hereafter fully explained. Straight 
building, as with ordinary frames, must be secured by 
the use of some kind of guide — either a starter or a 
larger piece of foundation — unless w’e can fill our 
sections with comb from the beginning. 
We must now discuss how the foundation shall be cut 
to the greatest advantage, and put into position. The 
size of our sheets of the thinnest make (for that used 
in the hive body is much too stout, and would spoil 
the comb honey for table use) will, to some extent, 
determine the size of the pieces for the sections, a 
question respecting which opinions differ widely, as 
we shall presently see. Boxes square outside, and 
so 4in. square inside — if we desire to use foundation 
to the fullest extent — may even carry pieces nearly 4in. 
wide, and 3in. or a little more in depth. To cut 
these, Mr. Root recommends two boards, one made 
of strips of the width of the pieces required, and 
another similar board, whose strips are as wide as 
the pieces should be long. The strips are just far 
enough apart to allow a knife to run between them. 
The two boards are placed together with the sheet 
intervening, and the cuts made from the two sides, 
dividing the sheet into the forms desired. I consider 
