522 
BEES AND BEE-KEEPING. 
heat evolved. The honey-sacs now inevitably are 
emptied more rapidly, necessitating their refilling at 
the cells at reduced intervals. 
A supply of fresh air to the cluster is, from all this, 
clearly essential, for as the heat is in proportion to 
the honey consumed, so it is in proportion to the 
products of oxidation — the noxious gas (carbonic acid) 
and the water — as a reference to the following Table 
will show, in which all but the main constituents of 
the honey have been disregarded for simplicity’s sake. 
The 6oz. of carbon being united with i6oz. of 
oxygen from the air, we obtain 220z. of carbonic acid 
gas, which, with the i8oz. of water, are thrown into 
the air of the hive by the consumption of 240Z. of 
honey. 
Let us first trace the 220Z. of carbonic acid gas, occu- 
pying about twelve cubic feet at ordinary temperature. 
Dealing with a stock wintered on seven standard 
frames, set at ifin. from centre to centre, we find: — 
Seven frames, each 8^ cubic inches, wood = 59^ cubic inches. 
20lb. honey, specific gravity 1*386 = 400 ., 
i^lb. wax, specific gravity *965 =43 ,, 
Pollen estimated . . . . =z 20 ,, 
Bees* . . . . . . . . 100 
* The bees would fill more than 100 cubic inches in a measure, but the 
large amount of air l}ang between and amongst them must, for our 
illustration, be subtracted. 
90Z. water. 
60Z. carbon. 
90Z. water. 
622^ 
