DISEASES AND ENEMIES. 
543 
This attempt has left me in intense bewilderment 
so far as any possible explanation of the causes ot 
the errors into which Schonfeld undoubtedly fell. 
My results showed that in foul broody matter no 
micrococci necessarily existed, but that the minute 
bodies (E, Plate I.) found in the coffee-coloured 
material, which Schonfeld had erroneously taken for 
micrococci, were really spores of a bacillus, which 
neither he nor those who had preceded him had 
ever seen, although one of them does apply the 
name bacillus to the spore — because the spore is a 
long oval (y, E, Fig. 122), and so would resemble, e.g., 
my Bacillus Gaytoni (G, Plate I.) ; and, further, that 
the disease could not be at all easily communicated 
to Musca vomitoria, while every dead larva of this 
fly contained innumerable micrococci; and that, when 
bee larvae were artificially infected with foul broody 
matter, the bacillus nature of the disease was incon- 
testable, while no micrococci, and not even the 
bacillus spore, which Schonfeld had taken for a 
micrococcus, could be discovered. 
The process of staining is of enormous value in 
such an investigation as that now under considera- 
tion, and is given for the benefit of those who may 
desire to follow it. The juices, or substances to be 
examined, diluted with water if necessary, are, in 
minute quantity, flattened between two cover-glasses, 
which are separated by a slipping movement, so as 
to leave the thinnest outspread film. The cover, 
when the film is dry, is held by forceps, and quickly 
passed two or three times through a spirit flame, 
so as to set the contained albumen, and save the 
