DISEASES AND ENEMIES. 
561 
I found, many years since, effectual, but necessitating 
much care and prolonged attention. Those advocating 
salicylic acid, now recommend its use in a fumigator, 
as devised by Mons. Bertrand. This apparatus, 
which looks like a small still, contains a spirit lamp, 
the flame of which rises beneath a metal dish. Sur- 
rounding the latter is a cylinder of stout tin, covered 
by an inverted funnel form, the neck of which is bent 
to the horizontal, and made in cross section an oblong 
5in. by i-^in. The hive is raised from its floor-board 
until the mouth of the funnel passes in at the 
entrance, and the corner of the quilt is lifted to 
permit a free circulation of the vaporised acid, 
I gram (— 15^ grains) of which is placed in the dish, 
over the burning lamp. Every portion of the hive 
is reached by the vapour ; and when the fumigation 
is repeated every few days, in the early morning, or 
late in the evening, so as to have all the bees at 
home, under its influence, it is said to be very 
effective. It is singular that salicylic acid at 220° C. 
is converted into phenol and carbonic acid, and that 
to vaporise salicylic acid without this conversion is a 
delicate operation. Doubtless, therefore, the process 
given is likely to be more really fumigation by phenol, 
although, nominally, by salicylic acid. The objection 
seems to be in the extreme uncertainty of the amount 
of dose given by this arrangement. 
The phenol treatment has been largely associated 
with my own name, because I originated a new appli- 
cation of an old remedy. My words at the Congress 
were : “ About three years’ since, Mr. R. Sproule, an 
Irish gentleman of culture, mentioned to me that he 
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