SMELLING, HEARING, ETC. 
89 
external impressions to nervous centres in a manner 
inappreciable by us, is still an open question, for 
however carefully they have been examined and com- 
pared with the sensory organs known in other animals, 
no physiologist has yet been able to pronounce 
definitely with regard to their function. 
Besides Burmeister (17), Newport (n8), and 
others who have occupied themselves with the sub- 
ject, the antennae are considered as organs of smell by 
Lefebvrc (92), Erichson (40), Perris (125), Hauser 
(61), Schiemenz (144), and Briant (n); whilst 
Braxton Hicks (64), Graber (54, 55), Mayer (108), 
Berlepsch (3), and Vogel (166), consider them organs 
of hearing. 
Schiemenz (144) has examined the antennae most 
carefully and described them minutely. The illustra- 
tions (Fig. 38) are taken from his work. He says 
each antenna carries six different structures, which in 
their disposition show considerable regularity. If we 
examine the antennae we shall find the first three joints 
and the terminal joints of the flagellum (Fig. 8, b) 
differ from each other and from the remaining eight 
joints. In these the back and front sides are unlike, 
the back being covered only with curved hairs, and 
on the front side there are in addition amongst them 
a number of oval depressions, first anatomically 
described by Erichson, and here and there larger 
straight hairs. Besides, there are, near to the lower 
part of the outside of these joints, patches of small 
circular hollows. 
The hairs on the scape and those found distributed 
