DIGESTIVE APPARATUS. 
Ill 
have their openings into it, and are called the 7 ual- 
pighian vessels, which have been specially studied by 
Schindler (145), who ascribes to them urinary func- 
tions. The lining membrane here is provided with 
gastric teeth, which further help to masticate any solid 
particles of pollen that may have escaped the soluble 
influence of the gastric juice. 
The small intestine also curves upon itself (frontis- 
piece, k)^ and by referring to section (Fig. 49) it will be 
seen that it is arranged in longitudinal cellular furrows, 
the intima being provided with downward-pointing hairs, 
which gradually disappear towards 
the end. There are no longitudinal 
muscles, but, on the other hand, 
the ring muscles {a) are strongly 
developed. A powerful sphincter 
muscle, close to the chyle stomach, 
enables this end of the intestine 
to be closed. In the intestine the j Section ot 
bmali intestine. 
digestion is completed and the 
food further absorbed, the colour of the contents 
being much darker than in the chyle stomach. The 
digested part of the food, in the form of c/iy/e, has 
been absorbed, and the residue passes on to the next 
part of the alimentary system. At the end of the 
small intestine is found an enlargement ; this is called 
the large intestine (frontispiece, 7 ?i) or colon, and is 
of a much darker colour from the nature of the con- 
tents, the excreta. Near the commencement are seen 
oblong plates (frontispiece, ;^), the so-called rectal 
glands ( rectaldriisen ) of Chun (24), which he care- 
