GLAND STRUCTURE. 
121 
food, chewing pollen, kneading wax, acidifying brood 
food, and that it can only be poured out into the 
mouth when the bee masticates ; that the other 
glands are for lubrication and converting the cane 
sugar of nectar into the grape sugar of honey. From 
the position of these, at the root of the tongue, it is 
impossible for the bee to place the secretion either in 
the worker cells or in an inverted position in the queen 
cells. Moreover, he found from practical experiments 
that if he mixed indigestible substances in the syrup 
on which bees were fed, that these substances re- 
appeared in the larval food, even within six hours, 
showing that this food could be nothing but chyle, 
and not a secretion ; for if it were a secretion, 
as these indigestible substances were not able to 
pass through the walls of the stomach, they could 
not have appeared in a glandular secretion, and 
they would not have been found in the larval food. 
Therefore Schdnfeld comes to the conclusion that 
the brood food, as also that of the queen, called 
by Dzierzon (38), milchsaft (bee niilk), is produced 
in the chyle stomach, and is pure chyle food. The 
digested food partly passes through the stomach into 
the abdomen, and forms blood, but when the bee re- 
quires it for brood food, the stomach is contracted, 
and by means of the transverse muscles (Fig. 47, k) the 
food is forced through the honey stomach into the 
oesophagus, and there receiving an addition of secre- 
tion from System I., it passes into the cells. Schiemenz 
ascribed to the prolongation (Fig. 47, h) in the chyle 
stomach the function of a valve, but Schonfeld has 
